Animalia > Chordata > Mammalia > Carnivora > Canidae > Urocyon > Urocyon cinereoargenteus

Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Gray Fox; common gray fox)

Synonyms:
Language: French; Spanish

Wikipedia Abstract

The gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), or grey fox, is a carnivorous mammal of the family Canidae ranging throughout most of the southern half of North America from southern Canada to the northern part of South America (Venezuela and Colombia). No other canid's natural range spans both North and South America and it is the only American canid that can climb trees. This species and its only congener, the diminutive Channel Island fox (Urocyon littoralis), are the only living members of the genus Urocyon, which is considered to be the most basal of the living canids. Though it was once the most common fox in the eastern United States, and still is found there, human advancement and deforestation allowed the red fox to become more dominant. The Pacific States still have the gray fox as a do
View Wikipedia Record: Urocyon cinereoargenteus

Infraspecies

Urocyon cinereoargenteus borealis (Grey fox)
Urocyon cinereoargenteus californicus (Grey fox)
Urocyon cinereoargenteus cinereoargenteus (Grey fox)
Urocyon cinereoargenteus costaricensis (Grey fox)
Urocyon cinereoargenteus floridanus (Grey fox)
Urocyon cinereoargenteus fraterculus
Urocyon cinereoargenteus furvus (Grey fox)
Urocyon cinereoargenteus guatemalae (Grey fox)
Urocyon cinereoargenteus madrensis (Grey fox)
Urocyon cinereoargenteus nigrirostris (Grey fox)
Urocyon cinereoargenteus ocythous (Grey fox)
Urocyon cinereoargenteus orinomus (Grey fox)
Urocyon cinereoargenteus peninsularis (Grey fox)
Urocyon cinereoargenteus scottii (Grey fox)
Urocyon cinereoargenteus townsendi (Grey fox)
Urocyon cinereoargenteus venezuelae (Grey fox)

EDGE Analysis

Uniqueness Scale: Similiar (0) 
2
 Unique (100)
Uniqueness & Vulnerability Scale: Similiar & Secure (0) 
19
 Unique & Vulnerable (100)
ED Score: 6.37
EDGE Score: 2
Learn more at EDGE of Existence programme

Attributes

Adult Weight [1]  10.472 lbs (4.75 kg)
Birth Weight [1]  95 grams
Male Weight [3]  8.199 lbs (3.719 kg)
Diet [2]  Carnivore (Invertebrates), Carnivore (Vertebrates), Frugivore, Granivore, Herbivore
Diet - Fruit [2]  20 %
Diet - Invertibrates [2]  10 %
Diet - Plants [2]  20 %
Diet - Seeds [2]  20 %
Diet - Vertibrates [2]  30 %
Forages - Ground [2]  100 %
Female Maturity [1]  11 months 15 days
Male Maturity [1]  1 year
Gestation [1]  57 days
Litter Size [1]  4
Litters / Year [1]  1
Maximum Longevity [1]  16 years
Nocturnal [4]  Yes
Snout to Vent Length [3]  26 inches (67 cm)
Speed [5]  32.704 MPH (14.62 m/s)
Weaning [1]  55 days

Ecoregions

Protected Areas

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Biodiversity Hotspots

Name Location Endemic Species Website
California Floristic Province Mexico, United States No
Madrean Pine-Oak Woodlands Mexico, United States No
Mesoamerica Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama No
Tropical Andes Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela No
Tumbes-Choco-Magdalena Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Peru No

Habitat Vegetation Classification

Name Location  Website 
Longleaf Pine / Turkey Oak Woodland United States (Florida, Alabama)
Northern Hardwood Forest Canada (New Brunswick); United States (Vermont, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Maine)
Transitional Northern Hardwood Forest United States (Pennsylvania, New York, Massachusetts, New Jersey); Canada (Ontario)
West Gulf Coastal Plain Wet Longleaf Pine Savanna (High Terraces Type) United States (Louisiana, Texas)

Prey / Diet

Prey / Diet Overlap

Predators

Aquila chrysaetos (Golden Eagle)[6]
Cathartes aura (Turkey Vulture)[6]

Consumers

Range Map

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Leaflet | © OpenStreetMap contributors

External References

NatureServe Explorer

Citations

Attributes / relations provided by
♦ 1de Magalhaes, J. P., and Costa, J. (2009) A database of vertebrate longevity records and their relation to other life-history traits. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22(8):1770-1774
♦ 2Hamish Wilman, Jonathan Belmaker, Jennifer Simpson, Carolina de la Rosa, Marcelo M. Rivadeneira, and Walter Jetz. 2014. EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology 95:2027
♦ 3Nathan P. Myhrvold, Elita Baldridge, Benjamin Chan, Dhileep Sivam, Daniel L. Freeman, and S. K. Morgan Ernest. 2015. An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles. Ecology 96:3109
♦ 4Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. 2006. The Animal Diversity Web (online). Accessed February 01, 2010 at animaldiversity.org
♦ 5Wikipedia licensed under a Creative Commons License
♦ 6Jorrit H. Poelen, James D. Simons and Chris J. Mungall. (2014). Global Biotic Interactions: An open infrastructure to share and analyze species-interaction datasets. Ecological Informatics.
♦ 7Conepatus leuconotus (Carnivora: Mephitidae), JERRY W. DRAGOO AND STEVEN R. SHEFFIELD, MAMMALIAN SPECIES 827:1–8 (2009)
♦ 8Dipodomys heermanni, Douglas A. Kelt, MAMMALIAN SPECIES No. 323, pp. 1-7 (1988)
♦ 9Geomys bursarius (Rodentia: Geomyidae), MATTHEW B. CONNIOR, MAMMALIAN SPECIES 43(879):104–117 (2011)
♦ 10Microtus californicus (Rodentia: Cricetidae), NICHOLE L. CUDWORTH AND JOHN L. KOPROWSKI, MAMMALIAN SPECIES 42(868):230–243 (2010)
♦ 11Microtus canicaudus, B. J. Verts and Leslie N. Carraway, MAMMALIAN SPECIES No. 267, pp. 1-4 (1987)
♦ 12Microtus pinetorum, Michael J. Smolen, Mammalian Species No. 147, pp. 1-7 (1981)
♦ 13Microtus townsendii, John E. Cornely and B. J. Verts, MAMMALIAN SPECIES No. 325, pp. 1-9 (1988)
♦ 14Mustela frenata, Steven R. Sheffield and Howard H. Thomas, MAMMALIAN SPECIES No. 570, pp. 1-9 (1997)
♦ 15Effectiveness of Dispersal of an Ornithocorous Cactus Myrtillocactus geometrizans (Cactaceae) in a Patchy Environment, Mónica G. Pérez-Villafaña and Alfonso Valiente-Banuet, The Open Biology Journal, 2009, 2, 101-113
♦ 16THE ROLE OF SEED DISPERSERS IN THE POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THE COLUMNAR CACTUS NEOBUXBAUMIA TETETZO, HÉCTOR GODÍNEZ-ALVAREZ, ALFONSO VALIENTE-BANUET, AND ALBERTO ROJAS-MARTÍNEZ, Ecology, 83(9), 2002, pp. 2617-2629
♦ 17Seed predation and dispersal in a dominant desert plant: Opuntia, ants, birds, and mammals, Mario González-Espinosa and Pedro F. Quintana-Ascencio, Frugivores and Seed Dispersal (eds A. Estrada & T. H. Fleming.), pp. 273–284. Dr W. Junk, Publishers, Dordrecht.
♦ 18Spermophilus variegatus, Emily C. Oaks, Paul J. Young, Gordon L. Kirkland, Jr., and David F. Schmidt, MAMMALIAN SPECIES No. 272, pp. 1-8 (1987)
♦ 19Peromyscus eva, Sergio Ticul Álvarez-Castañeda and Patricia Cortés-Calva, MAMMALIAN SPECIES No. 738, pp. 1–3 (2003)
♦ 20Sciurus niger, John L. Koprowski, MAMMALIAN SPECIES No. 479, pp. 1-9 (1994)
♦ 21Sylvilagus audubonii, Joseph A. Chapman and Gale R. Willner, MAMMALIAN SPECIES No. 106, pp. 1-4 (1978)
♦ 22Sylvilagus bachmani, Joseph A. Chapman, MAMMALIAN SPECIES No. 34, pp. 1-4 (1974)
♦ 23Sylvilagus cunicularius, Fernando A. Cervantes, Consuelo Lorenzo, Julieta Vargas, and Thorvald Holmes, MAMMALIAN SPECIES No. 412, pp. 1-4 (1992)
♦ 24Tamias merriami, Troy L. Best and Nancy J. Granai, MAMMALIAN SPECIES No. 476, pp. 1-9 (1994)
♦ 25Spermophilus elegans, David A. Zegers, Mammalian Species No. 214, pp. 1-7 (1984)
♦ 26Gibson, D. I., Bray, R. A., & Harris, E. A. (Compilers) (2005). Host-Parasite Database of the Natural History Museum, London
♦ 27Nunn, C. L., and S. Altizer. 2005. The Global Mammal Parasite Database: An Online Resource for Infectious Disease Records in Wild Primates. Evolutionary Anthroplogy 14:1-2.
♦ 28International Flea Database
Ecoregions provided by World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF). WildFinder: Online database of species distributions, ver. 01.06 Wildfinder Database
Biodiversity Hotspots provided by Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund
Abstract provided by DBpedia licensed under a Creative Commons License
Species taxanomy provided by GBIF Secretariat (2022). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2023-06-13; License: CC BY 4.0