Grand Canyon National Park

Location:Arizona, United States
IUCN Category:II
Area:1,210,128 acres (489,721 hectares)
Species:All  Endangered  Invasive
Website:View website
Climate:View Climate Data
Land Use:View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:BSk (Climate: arid; Precipitation: steppe; Temperature: cold arid)

Ecoregions

Arizona Mountains forests
Colorado Plateau shrublands
Mojave desert

Soils

Protected Area Boundary
 ABC
    
Share70 %30 %50 %30 %10 %10 %70 %30 %
Soil TypeLuvic KastanozemsHaplic KastanozemsLuvic KastanozemsHaplic KastanozemsChromic VertisolsEutric RegosolsCalcaric RegosolsLuvic Yermosols
Topsoil TextureMediumMediumMediumMediumFineMediumMediumMedium
Reference Depth100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm
DrainageModerately wellModerately wellModerately wellModerately wellPoorModerately wellImperfectlyModerately well
Available Water Capacity150 m150 m150 m150 m125 m150 m50 m150 m
Phase 1      Lithic 
Misc. Property    Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)   
Topsoil Properties
Gravel8 %8 %8 %8 %4 %27 %17 %20 %
Sand36 %34 %36 %34 %16 %47 %43 %50 %
Silt41 %45 %41 %45 %29 %34 %35 %29 %
Clay23 %21 %23 %21 %55 %19 %22 %21 %
USDA TextureLoamLoamLoamLoamClayLoamLoamLoam
Reference Bulk Density1.38 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³1.21 g/cm³1.43 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.42 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.2 g/cm³1.29 g/cm³1.2 g/cm³1.29 g/cm³1.65 g/cm³1.21 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.5 g/cm³
Organic Carbon1.27 %1.28 %1.27 %1.28 %0.75 %0.97 %0.77 %0.4 %
PH7.37.47.37.47.96.487.3
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity66 cmol kg⁻¹81 cmol kg⁻¹66 cmol kg⁻¹81 cmol kg⁻¹75 cmol kg⁻¹41 cmol kg⁻¹40 cmol kg⁻¹47 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity23 cmol kg⁻¹21 cmol kg⁻¹23 cmol kg⁻¹21 cmol kg⁻¹44 cmol kg⁻¹12 cmol kg⁻¹17 cmol kg⁻¹7 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation100 %100 %100 %100 %100 %79 %100 %100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases18.4 cmol kg⁻¹18.4 cmol kg⁻¹18.4 cmol kg⁻¹18.4 cmol kg⁻¹45.2 cmol kg⁻¹15.1 cmol kg⁻¹31.1 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate4.5 %5.4 %4.5 %5.4 %2.5 %0 %15 %0.5 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0.1 %
Exchangeable Sodium3 %1 %3 %1 %1 %1 %2 %6 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-11.6 dS m-10.1 dS m-11.6 dS m-10.2 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.3 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel5 %5 %5 %5 %5 %28 %18 %27 %
Sand29 %36 %29 %36 %15 %50 %38 %44 %
Silt42 %43 %42 %43 %28 %32 %36 %28 %
Clay29 %21 %29 %21 %57 %18 %26 %28 %
USDA TextureClay loamLoamClay loamLoamClayLoamLoamClay loam
Reference Bulk Density1.33 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³1.33 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³1.21 g/cm³1.44 g/cm³1.36 g/cm³1.37 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.18 g/cm³1.42 g/cm³1.18 g/cm³1.42 g/cm³1.76 g/cm³1.46 g/cm³1.52 g/cm³1.47 g/cm³
Organic Carbon0.57 %0.51 %0.57 %0.51 %0.45 %0.4 %0.53 %0.28 %
PH7.97.97.97.98.16.98.17.3
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity68 cmol kg⁻¹97 cmol kg⁻¹68 cmol kg⁻¹97 cmol kg⁻¹73 cmol kg⁻¹55 cmol kg⁻¹50 cmol kg⁻¹58 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity24 cmol kg⁻¹19 cmol kg⁻¹24 cmol kg⁻¹19 cmol kg⁻¹43 cmol kg⁻¹11 cmol kg⁻¹15 cmol kg⁻¹11 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation100 %100 %100 %100 %100 %85 %100 %100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases21.1 cmol kg⁻¹19.1 cmol kg⁻¹21.1 cmol kg⁻¹19.1 cmol kg⁻¹47.5 cmol kg⁻¹10.3 cmol kg⁻¹41.1 cmol kg⁻¹14.6 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate10 %10.4 %10 %10.4 %3.9 %0.1 %15 %3.8 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0.7 %
Exchangeable Sodium3 %3 %3 %3 %3 %2 %1 %4 %
Electrical Conductivity3.6 dS m-12.2 dS m-13.6 dS m-12.2 dS m-10.3 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.3 dS m-19.7 dS m-1
Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263