S. lupi is endemic (occurs naturally) from southern Africa all the way up to Israel, Turkey, Greece and India; faecal evidence also exists for it in the southern USA. Although early reports of the disease were American1-3, few reports emerge any longer from this country. This may be because a commonly-used insecticide wiped out a lot of the hosts, before being banned – so never reached Israel or SA (anecdotal). This parasite has a complex 110-day life cycle with both intermediate and paratenic (=transport) hosts. Coprophagous (“dung”) beetles are the intermediate hosts, ingesting the eggs which contain the L1 larvae. Within this host, the eggs encysts and develop into the infectious L3 larvae in 2 months. The infectious process can be direct (ingestion of an infected beetle) or indirect (i