Animalia > Chordata > Aves > Passeriformes > Motacillidae > Anthus > Anthus spinoletta

Anthus spinoletta (Water Pipit)

Synonyms: Alauda spec (pro parte); Alauda spinoletta (homotypic); Anthus petrosus spinoletta

Wikipedia Abstract

The water pipit (Anthus spinoletta) is a small passerine bird which breeds in the mountains of southern Europe and southern temperate Asia across to China. It is a short-distance migrant moving to wet open lowlands such as marshes and flooded fields in winter. Some birds migrate north to Britain for winter, taking advantage of the warm oceanic climate. Formerly included in the water pipit were the subspecies now separated as rock pipit and buff-bellied pipit. The former is more closely related to the water pipit than the latter, as indicated by external and molecular characteristics.
View Wikipedia Record: Anthus spinoletta

Infraspecies

Anthus spinoletta blakistoni
Anthus spinoletta coutellii
Anthus spinoletta spinoletta

EDGE Analysis

Uniqueness Scale: Similiar (0) 
1
 Unique (100)
Uniqueness & Vulnerability Scale: Similiar & Secure (0) 
12
 Unique & Vulnerable (100)
ED Score: 3.80533
EDGE Score: 1.56973
Learn more at EDGE of Existence programme

Attributes

Adult Weight [1]  22 grams
Birth Weight [2]  2.7 grams
Diet [3]  Carnivore (Invertebrates), Frugivore, Granivore, Herbivore
Diet - Fruit [3]  10 %
Diet - Invertibrates [3]  70 %
Diet - Plants [3]  10 %
Diet - Seeds [3]  10 %
Forages - Understory [3]  20 %
Forages - Ground [3]  80 %
Clutch Size [6]  5
Clutches / Year [7]  2
Fledging [4]  14 days
Incubation [5]  14 days
Mating Display [2]  Ground and non-acrobatic aerial display
Mating System [2]  Monogamy
Maximum Longevity [5]  9 years
Migration [8]  Intracontinental
Wing Span [7]  10 inches (.26 m)
Female Maturity [4]  0 years 12 months

Ecoregions

Protected Areas

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Ecosystems

Important Bird Areas

Biodiversity Hotspots

Prey / Diet

Abax pilleri[9]
Cryphoeca silvicola[9]
Mesembrina meridiana (Mid-day Fly)[9]

Prey / Diet Overlap

Predators

Buteo lagopus (Rough-legged Hawk)[10]
Falco columbarius (Merlin)[11]
Falco mexicanus (Prairie Falcon)[10]
Falco sparverius (American Kestrel)[10]

Consumers

Range Map

External References

Citations

Attributes / relations provided by
♦ 1Storchová, Lenka; Hořák, David (2018), Data from: Life-history characteristics of European birds, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n6k3n
♦ 2Terje Lislevand, Jordi Figuerola, and Tamás Székely. 2007. Avian body sizes in relation to fecundity, mating system, display behavior, and resource sharing. Ecology 88:1605
♦ 3Hamish Wilman, Jonathan Belmaker, Jennifer Simpson, Carolina de la Rosa, Marcelo M. Rivadeneira, and Walter Jetz. 2014. EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology 95:2027
♦ 4Nathan P. Myhrvold, Elita Baldridge, Benjamin Chan, Dhileep Sivam, Daniel L. Freeman, and S. K. Morgan Ernest. 2015. An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles. Ecology 96:3109
♦ 5de Magalhaes, J. P., and Costa, J. (2009) A database of vertebrate longevity records and their relation to other life-history traits. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22(8):1770-1774
♦ 6Jetz W, Sekercioglu CH, Böhning-Gaese K (2008) The Worldwide Variation in Avian Clutch Size across Species and Space PLoS Biol 6(12): e303. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060303
♦ 7British Trust for Ornithology
♦ 8Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. 2006. The Animal Diversity Web (online). Accessed February 01, 2010 at animaldiversity.org
♦ 9Ecology of Commanster
♦ 10Jorrit H. Poelen, James D. Simons and Chris J. Mungall. (2014). Global Biotic Interactions: An open infrastructure to share and analyze species-interaction datasets. Ecological Informatics.
♦ 11Raptor Predation on Wintering Shorebirds, G. Page and D. F. Whitacre, The Condor, Vol. 77, No. 1 (Spring, 1975), pp. 73-83
♦ 12Gibson, D. I., Bray, R. A., & Harris, E. A. (Compilers) (2005). Host-Parasite Database of the Natural History Museum, London
♦ 13International Flea Database
Ecoregions provided by World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF). WildFinder: Online database of species distributions, ver. 01.06 Wildfinder Database
Biodiversity Hotspots provided by Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund
Abstract provided by DBpedia licensed under a Creative Commons License
Species taxanomy provided by GBIF Secretariat (2022). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2023-06-13; License: CC BY 4.0