Animalia > Chordata > Aves > Passeriformes > Muscicapidae > Erithacus > Erithacus rubecula

Erithacus rubecula (European Robin)

Synonyms: Erithacus dandalus sardus; Erithacus rubecula armoricanus; Erithacus rubecula sardus; Motacilla rubecula (homotypic)

Infraspecies

Erithacus rubecula balcanicus
Erithacus rubecula caucasicus
Erithacus rubecula hebridium
Erithacus rubecula hyrcanus
Erithacus rubecula maior
Erithacus rubecula marionae
Erithacus rubecula melophilus
Erithacus rubecula rubecula
Erithacus rubecula superbus
Erithacus rubecula tataricus
Erithacus rubecula valens
Erithacus rubecula witherbyi

EDGE Analysis

Uniqueness Scale: Similiar (0) 
6
 Unique (100)
Uniqueness & Vulnerability Scale: Similiar & Secure (0) 
30
 Unique & Vulnerable (100)
ED Score: 13.9
EDGE Score: 2.70136
Learn more at EDGE of Existence programme

Attributes

Adult Weight [1]  18 grams
Birth Weight [2]  2.4 grams
Diet [3]  Carnivore (Invertebrates), Carnivore (Vertebrates), Piscivore, Frugivore, Granivore
Diet - Ectothermic [3]  10 %
Diet - Fish [3]  10 %
Diet - Fruit [3]  20 %
Diet - Invertibrates [3]  40 %
Diet - Scavenger [3]  10 %
Diet - Seeds [3]  10 %
Forages - Understory [3]  50 %
Forages - Ground [3]  50 %
Clutch Size [7]  5
Clutches / Year [6]  2
Fledging [4]  14 days
Incubation [6]  15 days
Mating Display [2]  Ground display (mostly)
Maximum Longevity [5]  17 years
Wing Span [6]  8 inches (.21 m)
Female Maturity [5]  1 year
Male Maturity [5]  1 year

Ecoregions

Protected Areas

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Ecosystems

Important Bird Areas

Biodiversity Hotspots

Name Location Endemic Species Website
Caucasus Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Russia, Turkey No
Irano-Anatolian Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Turkmenistan No
Japan Japan No
Mediterranean Basin Algeria, Egypt, France, Greece, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Portugal, Spain, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey No

Emblem of

United Kingdom

Prey / Diet

Prey / Diet Overlap

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Predators

Accipiter nisus (Eurasian Sparrowhawk)[8]
Aegolius funereus (Boreal Owl)[12]
Falco eleonorae (Eleonora's Falcon)[18]
Nyctalus lasiopterus (giant noctule)[19]

Consumers

External References

Citations

Attributes / relations provided by
♦ 1Storchová, Lenka; Hořák, David (2018), Data from: Life-history characteristics of European birds, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n6k3n
♦ 2Terje Lislevand, Jordi Figuerola, and Tamás Székely. 2007. Avian body sizes in relation to fecundity, mating system, display behavior, and resource sharing. Ecology 88:1605
♦ 3Hamish Wilman, Jonathan Belmaker, Jennifer Simpson, Carolina de la Rosa, Marcelo M. Rivadeneira, and Walter Jetz. 2014. EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology 95:2027
♦ 4Nathan P. Myhrvold, Elita Baldridge, Benjamin Chan, Dhileep Sivam, Daniel L. Freeman, and S. K. Morgan Ernest. 2015. An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles. Ecology 96:3109
♦ 5de Magalhaes, J. P., and Costa, J. (2009) A database of vertebrate longevity records and their relation to other life-history traits. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22(8):1770-1774
♦ 6British Trust for Ornithology
♦ 7Jetz W, Sekercioglu CH, Böhning-Gaese K (2008) The Worldwide Variation in Avian Clutch Size across Species and Space PLoS Biol 6(12): e303. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060303
♦ 8Ecology of Commanster
♦ 9A STUDY OF AVIAN FRUGIVORES, BIRD-DISPERSED PLANTS, AND THElR INTERACTION IN MEDITERRANEAN SCRUBLANDS, CARLOS M. HERRERA, Ecological Monographs, 54(1), 1984, pp. 1-23
♦ 10Birds and berries: a study of an ecological interaction. Calton, Great Britain, Snow B.K., Snow D.W., 1988, T & AD Poyser. 268 p.
♦ 11Frugivorous diet of autumn migrant Pied Flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca: a review and new data, A. Hernández, Butll. GCA 16: 53-60, 1999
♦ 12Jorrit H. Poelen, James D. Simons and Chris J. Mungall. (2014). Global Biotic Interactions: An open infrastructure to share and analyze species-interaction datasets. Ecological Informatics.
♦ 13VARIATIONS IN SPINDLE EUONYMUS EUROPAEUS CONSUMPTION BY FRUGIVOROUS BIRDS DURING THE FRUITING SEASON, Ángel HERNÁNDEZ, Ardeola 50(2), 2003, 171-180
♦ 14Farwig, Nina; Schabo, Dana G.; Albrecht, Jörg (2017), Data from: Trait-associated loss of frugivores in fragmented forest does not affect seed removal rates, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.2784g
♦ 15Recruitment of a Mast-Fruiting, Bird-Dispersed Tree: Bridging Frugivore Activity and Seedling Establishment, Carlos M. Herrera, Pedro Jordano, Luis López-Soria, Juan A. Amat, Ecological Monographs, 64(3), 1994, pp. 315-344
♦ 16Exclusive frugivory and seed dispersal of Rhamnus alaternus in the bird breeding season, Josep M. Bas, Pere Pons and Crisanto Gómez, Plant Ecology (2005)
♦ 17Birds and guelder rose Viburnum opulus: selective consumption and dispersal via regurgitation of small-sized fruits and seeds, Ángel Hernández, Plant Ecol (2009) 203:111–122
♦ 18STATUS, DISTRIBUTION, AND DIET OF ELEONORA’S FALCON (FALCO ELEONORAE) IN THE CANARY ISLANDS, Leandro De León, Beneharo Rodríguez, Aurelio Martín, Manuel Nogales, Jesús Alonso, and Carlos Izquierdo, Journal of Raptor Research 41(4):331-336 2007
♦ 19Carnivory in the greater noctule bat (Nyctalus lasiopterus) in Italy, G Dondini, S Vergari, J. Zool. Lond. (2000) 251, 233-236
♦ 20Gibson, D. I., Bray, R. A., & Harris, E. A. (Compilers) (2005). Host-Parasite Database of the Natural History Museum, London
♦ 21International Flea Database
Ecoregions provided by World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF). WildFinder: Online database of species distributions, ver. 01.06 Wildfinder Database
Biodiversity Hotspots provided by Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund
Species taxanomy provided by GBIF Secretariat (2022). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2023-06-13; License: CC BY 4.0