Animalia > Chordata > Aves > Passeriformes > Fringillidae > Pyrrhula > Pyrrhula pyrrhulaPyrrhula pyrrhula (Eurasian Bullfinch)Synonyms: Emberiza coccinea; Loxia pyrrhula (homotypic); Loxia spec (pro parte); Pyrrhula europaea; Pyrrhula pileata; Pyrrhula pyrrhula coccinea; Pyrrhula vulgaris Uniqueness Scale: Similiar (0) Unique (100) Uniqueness & Vulnerability Scale: Similiar & Secure (0) Unique & Vulnerable (100) ED Score: 4.66959 EDGE Score: 1.73512 |
| Adult Weight [1] | 31 grams | | Birth Weight [2] | 2.4 grams |  | | Diet [3] | Carnivore (Invertebrates), Frugivore, Granivore, Herbivore | | Diet - Fruit [3] | 10 % | | Diet - Invertibrates [3] | 10 % | | Diet - Plants [3] | 50 % | | Diet - Seeds [3] | 30 % | | Forages - Mid-High [3] | 50 % | | Forages - Understory [3] | 50 % | | | Clutch Size [7] | 5 | | Clutches / Year [4] | 2 | | Fledging [4] | 15 days | | Incubation [6] | 15 days | | Mating Display [2] | Ground display (mostly) | | Maximum Longevity [5] | 18 years | | Speed [8] | 29.975 MPH (13.4 m/s) | | Wing Span [8] | 11 inches (.27 m) | | | Female Maturity [5] | 1 year | | Male Maturity [5] | 1 year |
|
| Name |
Countries |
Ecozone |
Biome |
Species |
Report |
Climate |
Land
Use |
|
Amur meadow steppe |
China, Russia |
Palearctic |
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
 |
 |
 |
 |
|
Azerbaijan shrub desert and steppe |
Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
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|
Azores temperate mixed forests |
Portugal |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
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|
|
|
Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests |
Iran, Azerbaijan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
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Central China loess plateau mixed forests |
China |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
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Changbai Mountains mixed forests |
China, Dem. People's Rep of Korea |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
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|
Da Hinggan-Dzhagdy Mountains conifer forests |
China, Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
East Siberian taiga |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
|
|
|
|
Eastern Anatolian montane steppe |
Iran, Turkey, Armenia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
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|
Eastern Gobi desert steppe |
China, Mongolia |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
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|
|
Gissaro-Alai open woodlands |
Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
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|
|
|
Gobi Lakes Valley desert steppe |
Mongolia |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
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|
|
Great Lakes Basin desert steppe |
Mongolia, Russia |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
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|
|
|
Hokkaido deciduous forests |
Japan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
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|
|
Hokkaido montane conifer forests |
Japan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
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|
|
|
Honshu alpine conifer forests |
Japan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
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|
Kamchatka Mountain tundra and forest tundra |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Tundra |
|
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|
|
|
Kamchatka-Kurile meadows and sparse forests |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
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|
Kamchatka-Kurile taiga |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
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|
Kazakh forest steppe |
Russia, Kazakhstan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
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|
Kazakh steppe |
Russia, Kazakhstan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
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|
Khangai Mountains alpine meadow |
Mongolia |
Palearctic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Khangai Mountains conifer forests |
Mongolia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Manchurian mixed forests |
Republic of Korea, Dem. People's Rep of Korea, China, Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
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|
|
Mongolian-Manchurian grassland |
China, Mongolia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
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|
|
Nenjiang River grassland |
China |
Palearctic |
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
|
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|
Nihonkai evergreen forests |
Japan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Nihonkai montane deciduous forests |
Japan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Northeast China Plain deciduous forests |
China |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Okhotsk-Manchurian taiga |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
|
|
|
|
Sakhalin Island taiga |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
|
|
|
|
Sayan Alpine meadows and tundra |
Mongolia, Russia |
Palearctic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Sayan Intermontane steppe |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Sayan montane conifer forests |
Mongolia, Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Scandinavian and Russian taiga |
Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia |
Palearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
|
|
|
|
Selenge-Orkhon forest steppe |
Mongolia, Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
South Sakhalin-Kurile mixed forests |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
South Siberian forest steppe |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Suiphun-Khanka meadows and forest meadows |
China, Russia |
Palearctic |
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
|
|
|
|
|
Taiheiyo evergreen forests |
Japan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Taiheiyo montane deciduous forests |
Japan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Tian Shan foothill arid steppe |
China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Tian Shan montane conifer forests |
China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Tian Shan montane steppe and meadows |
China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan |
Palearctic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Trans-Baikal Bald Mountain tundra |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Tundra |
|
|
|
|
|
Trans-Baikal conifer forests |
Russia, Mongolia |
Palearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
|
|
|
|
Ural montane forests and tundra |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
|
|
|
|
Ussuri broadleaf and mixed forests |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
West Siberian taiga |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
|
|
|
|
Western Siberian hemiboreal forests |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
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|
| Name |
IUCN Category |
Area acres |
Location |
Species |
Website |
Climate |
Land Use |
|
ALTO CINCA |
|
36250 |
Spain |
|
|
|
|
|
Aggtelek Biosphere Reserve National Park |
II |
59233 |
Hungary |
|
 |
|
|
|
Aleutian Islands Biosphere Reserve |
|
2720489 |
Alaska, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Alpi Carniche |
|
48186 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
|
Alpi Marittime |
|
83205 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
|
Alsó-Tisza-völgy |
|
88306 |
Hungary |
|
|
|
|
|
Alte Valli Anzasca, Antrona e Bognanco |
|
53311 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
|
Alte Valli Pesio e Tanaro |
|
27869 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
|
Alte Valli Stura e Maira |
|
103806 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
|
Alto Garda Bresciano |
|
53192 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
|
Astrakhanskiy Biosphere Reserve Zapovednik |
Ia |
167827 |
Astrakhan, Russia |
|
|
|
|
|
Baikalskiy Biosphere Reserve Zapovednik |
Ia |
458883 |
Russia |
|
|
|
|
|
Barguzinskiy Biosphere Reserve Zapovednik |
Ia |
924970 |
Buryatia, Russia |
|
|
|
|
|
Bayerischer Wald National Park |
II |
59790 |
Germany |
|
|
|
|
|
Belovezhskaya Pushcha Biosphere Reserve National Park |
II |
218515 |
Belarus |
|
|
|
|
|
Berchtesgaden Alps National Park |
II |
51433 |
Germany |
|
|
|
|
|
Berezinskiy Zapovednik State Nature Reserve |
Ia |
209113 |
Belarus |
|
|
|
|
|
Boschi del Ticino |
|
50788 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
|
Bükk-hegység és peremterületei |
|
164079 |
Hungary |
|
|
|
|
|
COTIELLA - SIERRA FERRERA |
|
62948 |
Spain |
|
|
|
|
|
Carpathian Biosphere Reserve |
|
144772 |
Ukraine |
|
|
|
|
|
DOÑANA |
|
281453 |
Spain |
|
|
|
|
|
Darvinsky Zapovednik |
Ia |
278421 |
Yaroslavl, Vologda, Russia |
|
|
|
|
|
Dee Estuary/ Aber Dyfrdwy |
|
39057 |
England/Wales, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
|
EL TURBÓN Y SIERRA DE SÍS |
|
60101 |
Spain |
|
|
|
|
|
Eastern Beskid National Park |
II |
68484 |
Poland |
|
|
|
|
|
Elimyssalon alue |
|
20492 |
Finland |
|
|
|
|
|
Felsõ-kiskunsági szikes puszták és turjánvidék |
|
103542 |
Hungary |
|
|
|
|
|
Firth of Tay & Eden Estuary |
|
38085 |
Scotland, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
|
Fiume Po - tratto vercellese alessandrino |
|
34859 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
|
Flusslandschaft Elbe Biosphere Reserve |
|
925242 |
Germany |
|
|
|
|
|
Grigne |
|
17695 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
|
Gruppo del Monviso e Bosco dell'Alevè |
|
17871 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
|
Humber Estuary |
|
90582 |
England, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
|
Joutsenaapa - Kaita-aapa |
|
31592 |
Finland |
|
|
|
|
|
Karkonosze National Park |
II |
45907 |
Poland |
|
|
|
|
|
Katunsky Biosphere Reserve |
|
393162 |
Altai, Russia |
|
|
|
|
|
Kavkazskiy Biosphere Reserve |
Ia |
692723 |
Krasnodar, Karachay-Cherkessia, Adygea, Russia |
|
|
|
|
|
Khazar Zapovednik State Nature Reserve |
Ia |
658105 |
Turkmenistan |
|
|
|
|
|
Killarney National Park |
II |
25482 |
Ireland |
|
|
|
|
|
Kiskunsag Biosphere Reserve |
II |
54598 |
Hungary |
|
|
|
|
|
Kiskunsági szikes tavak és az õrjegi turjánvidék |
|
88335 |
Hungary |
|
|
|
|
|
Kivach Zapovednik |
IV |
26885 |
Karelia, Russia |
|
|
|
|
|
Krivoklatsko Protected Landscape Area |
V |
155267 |
Czech Republic |
|
|
|
|
|
Krkonose National Park |
V |
95995 |
Czech Republic |
|
|
|
|
|
Kronotskiy Biosphere Reserve |
|
361480 |
Russia |
|
|
|
|
|
LA SERENA Y SIERRAS PERIFÉRICAS |
|
379806 |
Spain |
|
|
|
|
|
LOS VALLES |
|
79029 |
Spain |
|
|
|
|
|
Lake Torne Area Biosphere Reserve |
|
238457 |
Sweden |
|
|
|
|
|
Laplandskiy Biosphere Reserve |
|
757114 |
Russia |
|
|
|
|
|
Luberon Regional Nature Park |
V |
406572 |
France |
|
|
|
|
|
Luiron suot |
|
31111 |
Finland |
|
|
|
|
|
MONFRAGÜE Y LAS DEHESAS DEL ENTORNO |
|
287016 |
Spain |
|
|
|
|
|
Mont Ventoux Biosphere Reserve |
|
198594 |
France |
|
|
|
|
|
Monte Carpegna e Sasso Simone e Simoncello |
|
19185 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
|
Monte Catria, Monte Acuto e Monte della Strega |
|
21953 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
|
Monte di Scerscen - Ghiacciai di Scerscen - Monte Motta |
|
23885 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
|
Mordovsky Zapovednik |
Ia |
79439 |
Mordovia, Russia |
|
|
|
|
|
Northern Karelian Biosphere Reserve |
|
864869 |
Finland |
|
|
|
|
|
ORDESA Y MONTE PERDIDO |
|
38568 |
Spain |
|
|
|
|
|
Okskiy Biosphere Reserve |
|
190748 |
Russia |
|
|
|
|
|
POSETS - MALADETA |
|
82205 |
Spain |
|
|
|
|
|
Parco Del Cilento e Vallo de Diano National Park |
|
551095 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
|
Parco Naturale Adamello |
|
53676 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
|
Parco Nazionale dello Stelvio National Park |
V |
333737 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
|
Parco Regionale Orobie Bergamasche |
|
121015 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
|
Parco Regionale Orobie Valtellinesi |
|
56377 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
|
Pechoro-Ilychskiy Biosphere Reserve |
|
3098091 |
Russia |
|
|
|
|
|
Pflaelzerwald Nature Park |
V |
438818 |
Germany |
|
|
|
|
|
Polana Biosphere Reserve |
|
50311 |
Slovakia |
|
|
|
|
|
Prespa National Park |
II |
62043 |
Greece |
|
|
|
|
|
Puszcza Kampinoska Biosphere Reserve |
|
188373 |
Poland |
|
|
|
|
|
Rahjan saaristo |
|
20710 |
Finland |
|
|
|
|
|
Reserva de Ordesa-Vinamala Biosphere Reserve |
|
127002 |
Spain |
|
|
|
|
|
Reserve Nationale de Camargue Biosphere Reserve |
|
32232 |
France |
|
|
|
|
|
Reserve de la Biosphere des Vosges du Nord Biosphere Reserve |
|
301469 |
France |
|
|
|
|
|
SIERRA DE MONCAYO - LOS FAYOS - SIERRA DE ARMAS |
|
44956 |
Spain |
|
|
|
|
|
SIERRAS DE SANTO DOMINGO Y CABALLERA Y RÍO ONSELLA |
|
88167 |
Spain |
|
|
|
|
|
Sayano-Shushenskiy Biosphere Reserve |
Ia |
964620 |
Krasnoyarsk, Russia |
|
|
|
|
|
Severn Estuary/ Môr Hafren |
|
182155 |
England/Wales, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
|
Shiga Highland Biosphere Reserve |
|
32124 |
Honshu, Japan |
|
|
|
|
|
Sikhote-Alinskiy Biosphere Reserve |
|
978001 |
Russia |
|
|
|
|
|
Sokhondinskiy Biosphere Reserve |
Ia |
521363 |
Chita, Russia |
|
|
|
|
|
Spreewald Biosphere Reserve |
|
117355 |
Germany |
|
|
|
|
|
Stora Sjofallet National Park |
II |
314943 |
Sweden |
|
|
|
|
|
Sumava Biosphere Reserve |
|
412955 |
Czech Republic |
|
|
|
|
|
Tatra Mountains Biosphere Reserve |
|
44247 |
Poland |
|
|
|
|
|
Teberdinskiy Biosphere Reserve |
Ia |
210198 |
Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia |
|
|
|
|
|
The New Forest |
|
72309 |
England, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
|
Trebon Basin Protected Landscape Area |
V |
173393 |
Czech Republic |
|
|
|
|
|
Tsentral'no-Lesnoy Biosphere Reserve |
Ia |
62630 |
Russia |
|
|
|
|
|
Tsentral'no-Sibirskiy Biosphere Reserve |
Ia |
2521510 |
Krasnoyarsk, Russia |
|
|
|
|
|
Ubsunurskaya Kotlovina (Ubsunur Depression) Zapovednik |
Ia |
798640 |
Tuva, Russia |
|
|
|
|
|
VIÑAMALA |
|
62053 |
Spain |
|
|
|
|
|
Val Formazza |
|
54914 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
|
Val Troncea |
|
25032 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
|
Vessertal-Thuringian Forest Biosphere Reserve |
|
42250 |
Germany |
|
|
|
|
|
Voronezhskiy Biosphere Reserve |
|
95835 |
Russia |
|
|
|
|
|
Yancheng Nature Reserve |
V |
711488 |
China |
|
|
|
|
|
Zempléni-hegység a Szerencsi-dombsággal és a Hernád-völggyel |
|
284651 |
Hungary |
|
|
|
|
| Name |
Location |
Endemic |
Species |
Website |
|
Caucasus |
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Russia, Turkey |
No |
|
|
|
Irano-Anatolian |
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Turkmenistan |
No |
|
|
|
Japan |
Japan |
No |
|
|
|
Mediterranean Basin |
Algeria, Egypt, France, Greece, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Portugal, Spain, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey |
No |
|
|
|
Mountains of Central Asia |
Afghanistan, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan |
No |
|
|
|
Attributes / relations provided by ♦ 1Storchová, Lenka; Hořák, David (2018), Data from: Life-history characteristics of European birds, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n6k3n ♦ 2Terje Lislevand, Jordi Figuerola, and Tamás Székely. 2007. Avian body sizes in relation to fecundity, mating system, display behavior, and resource sharing. Ecology 88:1605 ♦ 3Hamish Wilman, Jonathan Belmaker, Jennifer Simpson, Carolina de la Rosa, Marcelo M. Rivadeneira, and Walter Jetz. 2014. EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology 95:2027 ♦ 4Nathan P. Myhrvold, Elita Baldridge, Benjamin Chan, Dhileep Sivam, Daniel L. Freeman, and S. K. Morgan Ernest. 2015. An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles. Ecology 96:3109 ♦ 5de Magalhaes, J. P., and Costa, J. (2009) A database of vertebrate longevity records and their relation to other life-history traits. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22(8):1770-1774 ♦ 6British Trust for Ornithology♦ 7Jetz W, Sekercioglu CH, Böhning-Gaese K (2008) The Worldwide Variation in Avian Clutch Size across Species and Space PLoS Biol 6(12): e303. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060303 ♦ 8Alerstam T, Rosén M, Bäckman J, Ericson PGP, Hellgren O (2007) Flight Speeds among Bird Species: Allometric and Phylogenetic Effects. PLoS Biol 5(8): e197. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050197 ♦ 9Ecology of Commanster♦ 10Jorrit H. Poelen, James D. Simons and Chris J. Mungall. (2014). Global Biotic Interactions: An open infrastructure to share and analyze species-interaction datasets. Ecological Informatics. ♦ 11Birds and guelder rose Viburnum opulus: selective consumption and dispersal via regurgitation of small-sized fruits and seeds, Ángel Hernández, Plant Ecol (2009) 203:111122 ♦ 12International Flea DatabaseEcoregions provided by World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF). WildFinder: Online database of species distributions, ver. 01.06 Wildfinder Database |
Species taxanomy provided by GBIF Secretariat (2022). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2023-06-13; License: CC BY 4.0
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