Animalia > Chordata > Aves > Passeriformes > Passeridae > Passer > Passer montanus

Passer montanus (Eurasian Tree Sparrow; Eurasian Sparrow)

Synonyms: Fringilla montana (homotypic); Passer montanus hispaniae

Wikipedia Abstract

The Eurasian tree sparrow (Passer montanus) is a passerine bird in the sparrow family with a rich chestnut crown and nape, and a black patch on each pure white cheek. The sexes are similarly plumaged, and young birds are a duller version of the adult. This sparrow breeds over most of temperate Eurasia and Southeast Asia, where it is known as the tree sparrow, and it has been introduced elsewhere including the United States, where it is known as the Eurasian tree sparrow or German sparrow to differentiate it from the native unrelated American tree sparrow. Although several subspecies are recognised, the appearance of this bird varies little across its extensive range.
View Wikipedia Record: Passer montanus

Infraspecies

Passer montanus dilutus
Passer montanus dybowskii
Passer montanus hepaticus
Passer montanus iubilaeus
Passer montanus kansuensis
Passer montanus malaccensis
Passer montanus montanus
Passer montanus obscuratus
Passer montanus pallidus
Passer montanus saturatus
Passer montanus taivanensis
Passer montanus tibetanus
Passer montanus transcaucasicus

EDGE Analysis

Uniqueness Scale: Similiar (0) 
2
 Unique (100)
Uniqueness & Vulnerability Scale: Similiar & Secure (0) 
18
 Unique & Vulnerable (100)
ED Score: 5.7781
EDGE Score: 1.9137
Learn more at EDGE of Existence programme

Attributes

Adult Weight [1]  23 grams
Birth Weight [3]  2 grams
Breeding Habitat [2]  Generalist
Wintering Geography [2]  Non-migrartory
Wintering Habitat [2]  Generalist
Diet [4]  Carnivore (Invertebrates), Granivore
Diet - Invertibrates [4]  40 %
Diet - Seeds [4]  60 %
Forages - Mid-High [4]  33 %
Forages - Understory [4]  33 %
Forages - Ground [4]  33 %
Clutch Size [6]  4
Clutches / Year [3]  3
Fledging [5]  13 days
Global Population (2017 est.) [2]  20,000,000
Incubation [3]  13 days
Maximum Longevity [3]  13 years
Wing Span [7]  8 inches (.21 m)
Female Maturity [3]  10 months 19 days
Male Maturity [3]  10 months 19 days

Ecoregions

Protected Areas

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Ecosystems

Biodiversity Hotspots

Prey / Diet

Prey / Diet Overlap

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Predators

Accipiter nisus (Eurasian Sparrowhawk)[8]
Asio otus (Long-eared Owl)[8]
Pica pica (Eurasian Magpie)[8]
Strix aluco (Tawny Owl)[8]
Strix seloputo (Spotted Wood Owl)[11]

Providers

Shelter 
Columba oenas (Stock Dove)[8]

Consumers

Range Map

External References

NatureServe Explorer

Citations

Attributes / relations provided by
♦ 1Storchová, Lenka; Hořák, David (2018), Data from: Life-history characteristics of European birds, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n6k3n
♦ 2Partners in Flight Avian Conservation Assessment Database, version 2017. Accessed on January 2018.
♦ 3de Magalhaes, J. P., and Costa, J. (2009) A database of vertebrate longevity records and their relation to other life-history traits. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22(8):1770-1774
♦ 4Hamish Wilman, Jonathan Belmaker, Jennifer Simpson, Carolina de la Rosa, Marcelo M. Rivadeneira, and Walter Jetz. 2014. EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology 95:2027
♦ 5Nathan P. Myhrvold, Elita Baldridge, Benjamin Chan, Dhileep Sivam, Daniel L. Freeman, and S. K. Morgan Ernest. 2015. An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles. Ecology 96:3109
♦ 6Jetz W, Sekercioglu CH, Böhning-Gaese K (2008) The Worldwide Variation in Avian Clutch Size across Species and Space PLoS Biol 6(12): e303. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060303
♦ 7British Trust for Ornithology
♦ 8Ecology of Commanster
♦ 9"Fig-eating by vertebrate frugivores: a global review", MIKE SHANAHAN, SAMSON SO, STEPHEN G. COMPTON and RICHARD CORLETT, Biol. Rev. (2001), 76, pp. 529–572
♦ 10Jorrit H. Poelen, James D. Simons and Chris J. Mungall. (2014). Global Biotic Interactions: An open infrastructure to share and analyze species-interaction datasets. Ecological Informatics.
♦ 11del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
♦ 12Gibson, D. I., Bray, R. A., & Harris, E. A. (Compilers) (2005). Host-Parasite Database of the Natural History Museum, London
♦ 13International Flea Database
Ecoregions provided by World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF). WildFinder: Online database of species distributions, ver. 01.06 Wildfinder Database
Biodiversity Hotspots provided by Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund
Abstract provided by DBpedia licensed under a Creative Commons License
Species taxanomy provided by GBIF Secretariat (2022). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2023-06-13; License: CC BY 4.0