World Species : Protected Area : COTIELLA

COTIELLA - SIERRA FERRERA

Location:	Spain
Area:	62,948 acres (25,474 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Cfb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Pyrenees conifer and mixed forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A		B				C					D

Share	65 %	35 %	50 %	25 %	20 %	5 %	35 %	20 %	20 %	20 %	5 %	50 %	20 %	15 %	15 %
Soil Type	Calcaric Cambisols	Chromic Luvisols	Rendzic Leptosols	Humic Cambisols	Lithic Leptosols	Chromic Luvisols	Lithic Leptosols	Calcaric Cambisols	Rendzic Leptosols	Calcaric Phaeozems	Chromic Luvisols	Humic Cambisols	Dystric Cambisols	Umbric Leptosols	Lithic Leptosols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Fine	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	30 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	30 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	30 cm	10 cm
Drainage	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly
Available Water Capacity	50 m	50 m	50 mm	50 m	15 mm	50 m	15 mm	15 m	15 mm	15 m	15 m	15 m	15 m	15 mm	0 mm
Phase 1	Gravelly	Gravelly		Lithic		Lithic	Stony	Lithic	Stony	Lithic	Lithic	Lithic	Lithic	Gravelly	Gravelly
Phase 2	Petrocalcic							Stony		Stony	Stony	Gravelly	Gravelly
Root Obstacle	60 - 80 cm	None to 80 cm		20 - 40 cm		20 - 40 cm		40 - 60 cm		40 - 60 cm	40 - 60 cm	20 - 40 cm	20 - 40 cm
Impermeable Layer	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm		None to 150 cm		None to 150 cm		None to 150 cm		None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	6 %	12 %	16 %	8 %	21 %	12 %	21 %	6 %	16 %	3 %	4 %	8 %	10 %	6 %	21 %
Sand	36 %	48 %	37 %	41 %	42 %	48 %	42 %	36 %	37 %	35 %	27 %	41 %	42 %	49 %	42 %
Silt	43 %	28 %	44 %	36 %	34 %	28 %	34 %	43 %	44 %	43 %	27 %	36 %	38 %	31 %	34 %
Clay	21 %	24 %	19 %	23 %	24 %	24 %	24 %	21 %	19 %	22 %	46 %	23 %	20 %	20 %	24 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Clay	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.39 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.41 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.1 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.46 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.1 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.1 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.65 %	0.83 %	2.13 %	2.72 %	1.61 %	0.83 %	1.61 %	0.65 %	2.13 %	1.37 %	1.2 %	2.72 %	1.45 %	2.4 %	1.61 %
PH	8	6.3	7.5	5.3	7.5	6.3	7.5	8	7.5	7.9	6.3	5.3	5.1	5.1	7.5
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	52 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	80 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	80 cmol kg⁻¹	67 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	34 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	19 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	100 %	88 %	100 %	25 %	100 %	88 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	79 %	25 %	38 %	36 %	100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	24.3 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	28.8 cmol kg⁻¹	5.4 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	24.3 cmol kg⁻¹	28.8 cmol kg⁻¹	25.8 cmol kg⁻¹	13.4 cmol kg⁻¹	5.4 cmol kg⁻¹	4.3 cmol kg⁻¹	4.7 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	7 %	0 %	6 %	0 %	3.9 %	0 %	3.9 %	7 %	6 %	3.4 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	3.9 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	1 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	3 %	1 %	3 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	4 %	3 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.4 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	10 %	8 %		6 %		8 %		10 %		5 %	6 %	6 %	19 %
Sand	34 %	41 %		44 %		41 %		34 %		35 %	21 %	44 %	45 %
Silt	43 %	25 %		32 %		25 %		43 %		44 %	25 %	32 %	35 %
Clay	23 %	34 %		24 %		34 %		23 %		21 %	54 %	24 %	20 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Clay loam		Loam		Clay loam		Loam		Loam	Clay	Loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.38 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³		1.39 g/cm³		1.33 g/cm³		1.38 g/cm³		1.39 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.45 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³		1.16 g/cm³		1.51 g/cm³		1.45 g/cm³		1.44 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.16 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.43 %	0.4 %		1.07 %		0.4 %		0.43 %		0.48 %	0.58 %	1.07 %	0.5 %
PH	8.1	6.4		5.3		6.4		8.1		8.2	6.4	5.3	5.2
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	54 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹		37 cmol kg⁻¹		41 cmol kg⁻¹		54 cmol kg⁻¹		71 cmol kg⁻¹	33 cmol kg⁻¹	37 cmol kg⁻¹	35 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	16 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹		14 cmol kg⁻¹		15 cmol kg⁻¹		16 cmol kg⁻¹		14 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	100 %	90 %		30 %		90 %		100 %		100 %	83 %	30 %	33 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	28.7 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹		2.5 cmol kg⁻¹		12 cmol kg⁻¹		28.7 cmol kg⁻¹		22.2 cmol kg⁻¹	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹	2.5 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	8.7 %	0 %		0 %		0 %		8.7 %		11.4 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0.4 %	0 %		0 %		0 %		0.4 %		0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	1 %	1 %		2 %		1 %		1 %		2 %	1 %	2 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1		0.3 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263