World Species : Protected Area : Solway Firth

Solway Firth

Location:	England/Scotland, United Kingdom
Area:	107,829 acres (43,637 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Website:	View website
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Cfb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Celtic broadleaf forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A			B			C			D				E				F		G				H			I

Share	80 %	15 %	5 %	80 %	15 %	5 %	90 %	5 %	5 %	60 %	20 %	15 %	5 %	65 %	15 %	10 %	10 %	70 %	30 %	60 %	20 %	15 %	5 %	40 %	40 %	20 %	40 %	20 %	20 %	20 %
Soil Type	Calcaric Fluvisols	Calcaric Cambisols	Eutric Fluvisols	Calcaric Fluvisols	Eutric Cambisols	Calcaric Regosols	Dystric Regosols	Dystric Fluvisols	Cambic Arenosols	Stagnic Luvisols	Haplic Luvisols	Eutric Gleysols	Eutric Fluvisols	Terric Histosols	Fibric Histosols	Mollic Gleysols	Eutric Fluvisols	Fibric Histosols	Terric Histosols	Eutric Fluvisols	Dystric Fluvisols	Mollic Gleysols	Terric Histosols	Eutric Cambisols	Gleyic Cambisols	Eutric Gleysols	Dystric Cambisols	Eutric Cambisols	Dystric Gleysols	Eutric Gleysols
Topsoil Texture	Coarse	Medium	Medium	Coarse	Fine	Medium	Coarse	Medium	Coarse	Medium	Medium	Coarse	Fine	Medium	Fine	Coarse	Fine	Fine	Medium	Medium	Medium	Coarse	Medium	Coarse	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Poor	Moderately well	Poor	Poor	Moderately well	Moderately well	Somewhat excessive	Poor	Somewhat excessive	Poor	Moderately well	Poor	Very poor	Very poor	Very poor	Poor	Very poor	Very poor	Very poor	Poor	Poor	Poor	Very poor	Well	Poor	Poor	Moderately well	Moderately well	Poor	Poor
Available Water Capacity	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	100 m	150 m	100 m	50 m	50 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	100 m	100 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	75 m	75 m
Phase 1	Saline			Saline
Root Obstacle	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm				None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm
Impermeable Layer	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm				None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	0 - 40 cm	0 - 40 cm	80 - 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	40 - 80 cm	40 - 80 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	0 - 40 cm	0 - 40 cm
Soil Water Regime	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month				Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	10 %	6 %	4 %	10 %	10 %	14 %	19 %	4 %	2 %	4 %	4 %	10 %	4 %	28 %	1 %	10 %	4 %	1 %	28 %	4 %	4 %	10 %	28 %	10 %	4 %	4 %	10 %	9 %	2 %	4 %
Sand	79 %	36 %	39 %	79 %	23 %	44 %	78 %	47 %	89 %	37 %	41 %	78 %	19 %	35 %	20 %	76 %	19 %	20 %	35 %	39 %	47 %	76 %	35 %	77 %	45 %	37 %	42 %	42 %	40 %	37 %
Silt	15 %	43 %	40 %	15 %	29 %	35 %	13 %	33 %	6 %	44 %	37 %	13 %	32 %	33 %	40 %	14 %	32 %	40 %	33 %	40 %	33 %	14 %	33 %	14 %	36 %	40 %	38 %	36 %	39 %	40 %
Clay	6 %	21 %	21 %	6 %	48 %	21 %	9 %	20 %	5 %	19 %	22 %	9 %	49 %	32 %	40 %	10 %	49 %	40 %	32 %	21 %	20 %	10 %	32 %	9 %	19 %	23 %	20 %	22 %	21 %	23 %
USDA Texture	Loamy sand	Loam	Loam	Loamy sand	Clay	Loam	Sandy loam	Loam	Sand	Loam	Loam	Sandy loam	Clay	Clay loam	Clay	Sandy loam	Clay	Clay	Clay loam	Loam	Loam	Sandy loam	Clay loam	Sandy loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.66 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.66 g/cm³	1.25 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.32 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.58 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.32 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.58 g/cm³	1.32 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.4 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.28 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.57 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³	0.28 g/cm³	0.1 g/cm³	1.48 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³	0.1 g/cm³	0.28 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.48 g/cm³	0.28 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.41 %	0.65 %	0.86 %	0.41 %	1.17 %	0.75 %	0.7 %	1.05 %	0.5 %	0.99 %	0.74 %	0.57 %	1.19 %	39.4 %	33.63 %	0.89 %	1.19 %	33.63 %	39.4 %	0.86 %	1.05 %	0.89 %	39.4 %	0.7 %	1 %	1.07 %	1.45 %	1 %	1.17 %	1.07 %
PH	8.3	8	7.2	8.3	6.7	8	5.6	4.8	6	5.8	6.5	6.3	6.2	5.6	4.3	6.4	6.2	4.3	5.6	7.2	4.8	6.4	5.6	6.9	6.4	6.2	5.1	6.6	5.1	6.2
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	109 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	63 cmol kg⁻¹	109 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	29 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	48 cmol kg⁻¹	47 cmol kg⁻¹	48 cmol kg⁻¹	38 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	43 cmol kg⁻¹	38 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	63 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	43 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	49 cmol kg⁻¹	38 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	25 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	6 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	24 cmol kg⁻¹	87 cmol kg⁻¹	77 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹	24 cmol kg⁻¹	77 cmol kg⁻¹	87 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹	87 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	100 %	100 %	91 %	100 %	89 %	100 %	98 %	36 %	99 %	62 %	91 %	74 %	91 %	75 %	62 %	73 %	91 %	62 %	75 %	91 %	36 %	73 %	75 %	91 %	85 %	88 %	38 %	93 %	47 %	88 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	11 cmol kg⁻¹	24.3 cmol kg⁻¹	16.9 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	22.1 cmol kg⁻¹	26.8 cmol kg⁻¹	4.1 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	8.4 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	4.7 cmol kg⁻¹	22.7 cmol kg⁻¹	59.5 cmol kg⁻¹	31.4 cmol kg⁻¹	6.3 cmol kg⁻¹	22.7 cmol kg⁻¹	31.4 cmol kg⁻¹	59.5 cmol kg⁻¹	16.9 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	6.3 cmol kg⁻¹	59.5 cmol kg⁻¹	6.7 cmol kg⁻¹	8.2 cmol kg⁻¹	10.2 cmol kg⁻¹	4.3 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	5.5 cmol kg⁻¹	10.2 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	9.1 %	7 %	0.5 %	9.1 %	0.1 %	15 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.5 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	4 %	1 %	2 %	4 %	1 %	2 %	3 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.4 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	10 %	10 %	7 %	10 %	24 %	18 %	14 %	8 %	1 %	4 %	3 %	20 %	3 %	5 %	2 %	8 %	3 %	2 %	5 %	7 %	8 %	8 %	5 %	20 %	18 %	5 %	19 %	12 %	6 %	5 %
Sand	79 %	34 %	41 %	79 %	26 %	40 %	77 %	51 %	89 %	31 %	37 %	64 %	21 %	52 %	47 %	60 %	21 %	47 %	52 %	41 %	51 %	60 %	52 %	67 %	39 %	36 %	45 %	41 %	41 %	36 %
Silt	15 %	43 %	38 %	15 %	29 %	35 %	13 %	29 %	6 %	38 %	34 %	13 %	32 %	23 %	26 %	14 %	32 %	26 %	23 %	38 %	29 %	14 %	23 %	16 %	34 %	36 %	35 %	34 %	34 %	36 %
Clay	6 %	23 %	21 %	6 %	45 %	25 %	10 %	20 %	5 %	31 %	29 %	23 %	47 %	25 %	27 %	26 %	47 %	27 %	25 %	21 %	20 %	26 %	25 %	17 %	27 %	28 %	20 %	25 %	25 %	28 %
USDA Texture	Loamy sand	Loam	Loam	Loamy sand	Clay	Loam	Sandy loam	Loam	Sand	Clay loam	Clay loam	Sandy clay loam	Clay	Sandy clay loam	Sandy clay loam	Sandy clay loam	Clay	Sandy clay loam	Sandy clay loam	Loam	Loam	Sandy clay loam	Sandy clay loam	Sandy loam	Clay loam	Clay loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Clay loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.66 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.66 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.58 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.48 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.5 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.55 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.55 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	0.18 g/cm³	0.1 g/cm³	1.64 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	0.1 g/cm³	0.18 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.64 g/cm³	0.18 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.17 %	0.43 %	0.38 %	0.17 %	0.58 %	0.47 %	0.31 %	0.41 %	0.3 %	0.29 %	0.36 %	0.3 %	0.55 %	38.46 %	32.89 %	0.6 %	0.55 %	32.89 %	38.46 %	0.38 %	0.41 %	0.6 %	38.46 %	0.4 %	0.47 %	0.37 %	0.5 %	0.37 %	0.4 %	0.37 %
PH	8.3	8.1	7.5	8.3	7	8.1	5.3	4.9	5.9	5.9	6.7	6.4	6.8	5.8	4.6	6.7	6.8	4.6	5.8	7.5	4.9	6.7	5.8	7.3	6.7	6.6	5.2	7	5.3	6.6
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	137 cmol kg⁻¹	54 cmol kg⁻¹	61 cmol kg⁻¹	137 cmol kg⁻¹	51 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	36 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	38 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	49 cmol kg⁻¹	71 cmol kg⁻¹	43 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	71 cmol kg⁻¹	49 cmol kg⁻¹	61 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	43 cmol kg⁻¹	49 cmol kg⁻¹	48 cmol kg⁻¹	37 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	35 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	29 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	6 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	25 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	4 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	88 cmol kg⁻¹	78 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	78 cmol kg⁻¹	88 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	88 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	94 %	100 %	96 %	94 %	97 %	100 %	28 %	29 %	98 %	83 %	93 %	81 %	99 %	96 %	40 %	81 %	99 %	40 %	96 %	96 %	29 %	81 %	96 %	91 %	88 %	90 %	33 %	93 %	47 %	90 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	13.9 cmol kg⁻¹	28.7 cmol kg⁻¹	15.2 cmol kg⁻¹	13.9 cmol kg⁻¹	25.9 cmol kg⁻¹	36.5 cmol kg⁻¹	1 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	1.4 cmol kg⁻¹	10.2 cmol kg⁻¹	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹	6.9 cmol kg⁻¹	18.2 cmol kg⁻¹	81.8 cmol kg⁻¹	27.4 cmol kg⁻¹	11.7 cmol kg⁻¹	18.2 cmol kg⁻¹	27.4 cmol kg⁻¹	81.8 cmol kg⁻¹	15.2 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	11.7 cmol kg⁻¹	81.8 cmol kg⁻¹	9.3 cmol kg⁻¹	11.3 cmol kg⁻¹	11.9 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹	6.1 cmol kg⁻¹	11.9 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	9.9 %	8.7 %	2.5 %	9.9 %	0.3 %	15 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.2 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0.2 %	0 %	0 %	2.5 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0.4 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	4 %	1 %	3 %	4 %	1 %	2 %	3 %	2 %	3 %	1 %	1 %	3 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	3 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	3 %	2 %	3 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.4 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263