World Species : Protected Area : DOÑANA

DOÑANA

Location:	Spain
Area:	281,453 acres (113,900 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Csa (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: summer dry; Temperature: hot summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Southwest Iberian Mediterranean sclerophyllous and mixed forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A			B		C			D				E			F

Share	70 %	20 %	10 %	60 %	40 %	60 %	30 %	10 %	70 %	20 %	5 %	5 %	60 %	20 %	20 %	50 %	50 %
Soil Type	Calcaric Fluvisols	Calcaric Cambisols	Calcaric Fluvisols	Luvic Arenosols	Cambic Arenosols	Eutric Vertisols	Gleyic Solonchaks	Eutric Fluvisols	Calcaric Cambisols	Calcaric Regosols	Chromic Luvisols	Haplic Solonchaks	Calcaric Cambisols	Lithic Leptosols	Calcic Luvisols	Eutric Planosols	Stagnic Luvisols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Medium	Medium	Coarse	Coarse	Fine	Fine	Medium	Fine	Fine	Fine	Fine	Medium	Medium	Medium	Coarse	Coarse
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Poor	Moderately well	Poor	Moderately well	Somewhat excessive	Poor	Poor	Poor	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Poor	Poor
Available Water Capacity	75 m	150 m	150 m	100 m	100 m	125 m	100 m	150 m	50 m	15 m	50 m	50 m	50 m	15 mm	50 m	50 m	50 m
Phase 1	Gravelly					Saline	Saline		Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly	Saline	Petrocalcic		Petrocalcic
Phase 2									Petrocalcic		Petrocalcic	Gravelly
Root Obstacle	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	20 - 40 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	40 - 60 cm		40 - 60 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm
Impermeable Layer	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	40 - 80 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	40 - 80 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	40 - 80 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm		None to 150 cm	0 - 40 cm	0 - 40 cm
Soil Water Regime	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month
Misc. Property						Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	15 %	6 %	15 %	3 %	2 %	4 %	4 %	4 %	5 %	48 %	4 %	4 %	6 %	21 %	5 %	4 %	4 %
Sand	34 %	36 %	34 %	90 %	89 %	19 %	22 %	39 %	19 %	22 %	27 %	19 %	36 %	42 %	53 %	80 %	80 %
Silt	48 %	43 %	48 %	5 %	6 %	25 %	26 %	40 %	32 %	36 %	27 %	29 %	43 %	34 %	24 %	11 %	10 %
Clay	18 %	21 %	18 %	5 %	5 %	56 %	52 %	21 %	49 %	42 %	46 %	52 %	21 %	24 %	23 %	9 %	10 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Loam	Loam	Sand	Sand	Clay	Clay	Loam	Clay	Clay	Clay	Clay	Loam	Loam	Sandy clay loam	Sandy loam	Loamy sand
Reference Bulk Density	1.41 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.71 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.59 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.39 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.57 g/cm³	1.56 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.28 g/cm³	1.28 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.6 %	0.65 %	0.6 %	0.39 %	0.5 %	1.05 %	0.53 %	0.86 %	0.87 %	1.83 %	1.2 %	0.54 %	0.65 %	1.61 %	0.51 %	0.5 %	0.55 %
PH	8	8	8	5.8	6	6.9	8.8	7.2	7.8	7.6	6.3	8.9	8	7.5	7.7	5.9	5.7
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	68 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	68 cmol kg⁻¹	35 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	70 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	63 cmol kg⁻¹	57 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	48 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	47 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	14 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	43 cmol kg⁻¹	29 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	30 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	19 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	100 %	100 %	100 %	76 %	99 %	100 %	100 %	91 %	100 %	62 %	79 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	88 %	75 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	19.8 cmol kg⁻¹	24.3 cmol kg⁻¹	19.8 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	40.9 cmol kg⁻¹	46.5 cmol kg⁻¹	16.9 cmol kg⁻¹	46.6 cmol kg⁻¹	12.9 cmol kg⁻¹	13.4 cmol kg⁻¹	46.5 cmol kg⁻¹	24.3 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	17.1 cmol kg⁻¹	5.1 cmol kg⁻¹	4.7 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	11.7 %	7 %	11.7 %	0 %	0 %	0.2 %	9 %	0.5 %	4.9 %	3 %	0 %	3 %	7 %	3.9 %	7.4 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0.2 %	0 %	0.2 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.4 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0.4 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	3 %	1 %	3 %	3 %	2 %	1 %	45 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	43 %	1 %	3 %	1 %	3 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.7 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.7 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	12.7 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	5.9 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	10 %	10 %	10 %	4 %	1 %	5 %	6 %	7 %	5 %	33 %	6 %	6 %	10 %		10 %	7 %	5 %
Sand	36 %	34 %	36 %	87 %	89 %	18 %	24 %	41 %	23 %	21 %	21 %	33 %	34 %		47 %	63 %	65 %
Silt	46 %	43 %	46 %	5 %	6 %	24 %	23 %	38 %	35 %	36 %	25 %	28 %	43 %		23 %	12 %	13 %
Clay	18 %	23 %	18 %	8 %	5 %	58 %	53 %	21 %	42 %	43 %	54 %	39 %	23 %		30 %	25 %	22 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loamy sand	Sand	Clay	Clay	Loam	Clay	Clay	Clay	Clay	Loam		Sandy clay loam	Sandy clay loam	Sandy clay loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.41 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.63 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.25 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.29 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³		1.36 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.41 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.55 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³		1.67 g/cm³	1.63 g/cm³	1.55 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.4 %	0.43 %	0.4 %	0.2 %	0.3 %	0.59 %	0.38 %	0.38 %	0.39 %	0.5 %	0.58 %	0.38 %	0.43 %		0.3 %	0.28 %	0.26 %
PH	8.1	8.1	8.1	5.7	5.9	7.5	8.8	7.5	8.1	7.8	6.4	9	8.1		7.9	6.3	5.9
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	84 cmol kg⁻¹	54 cmol kg⁻¹	84 cmol kg⁻¹	34 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	70 cmol kg⁻¹	48 cmol kg⁻¹	61 cmol kg⁻¹	58 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	33 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	54 cmol kg⁻¹		50 cmol kg⁻¹	36 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	13 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	29 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	26 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹		17 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	100 %	100 %	100 %	75 %	98 %	100 %	100 %	96 %	100 %	55 %	83 %	100 %	100 %		100 %	98 %	80 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	20.7 cmol kg⁻¹	28.7 cmol kg⁻¹	20.7 cmol kg⁻¹	2.3 cmol kg⁻¹	1.4 cmol kg⁻¹	44.2 cmol kg⁻¹	55.3 cmol kg⁻¹	15.2 cmol kg⁻¹	44.8 cmol kg⁻¹	11.6 cmol kg⁻¹	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹	55.3 cmol kg⁻¹	28.7 cmol kg⁻¹		23.1 cmol kg⁻¹	13.5 cmol kg⁻¹	8.2 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	12.2 %	8.7 %	12.2 %	0 %	0 %	0.8 %	9 %	2.5 %	11.2 %	3 %	0 %	3 %	8.7 %		9.1 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0.2 %	0.4 %	0.2 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.5 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.5 %	0.4 %		0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	3 %	1 %	3 %	3 %	3 %	2 %	42 %	3 %	2 %	3 %	1 %	42 %	1 %		2 %	3 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.5 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.5 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	21.5 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	14.8 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1		0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263