World Species : Protected Area : Les Ecrins

Les Ecrins

Location:	France
Area:	227,201 acres (91,945 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Cfc (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: cool summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Alps conifer and mixed forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A		B			C			D				E

Share	70 %	30 %	50 %	30 %	20 %	80 %	10 %	10 %	70 %	20 %	5 %	5 %	40 %	40 %	10 %	5 %	5 %
Soil Type	Lithic Leptosols	Eutric Regosols	Lithic Leptosols	Lithic Leptosols	Lithic Leptosols	Umbric Leptosols	Lithic Leptosols	Dystric Cambisols	Cambic Podzols	Dystric Cambisols	Eutric Cambisols	Chromic Cambisols	Lithic Leptosols	Umbric Leptosols	Dystric Cambisols	Humic Cambisols	Haplic Luvisols
Topsoil Texture	Coarse	Fine	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
Reference Depth	10 cm	100 cm	10 cm	10 cm	10 cm	30 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	30 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well
Available Water Capacity	0 mm	150 m	15 mm	15 mm	15 mm	15 mm	15 mm	50 m	50 m	50 m	150 m	150 m	15 mm	15 mm	150 m	150 m	150 m
Phase 1	Stony		Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony	Gravelly	Gravelly
Phase 2									Stony
Root Obstacle		None to 80 cm						60 - 80 cm	60 - 80 cm	None to 80 cm	60 - 80 cm	None to 80 cm			None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm
Impermeable Layer		None to 150 cm						40 - 80 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm			None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month						Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month			Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	21 %	48 %	21 %	21 %	21 %	6 %	21 %	10 %	15 %	10 %	9 %	10 %	21 %	6 %	10 %	8 %	4 %
Sand	73 %	26 %	42 %	42 %	42 %	49 %	42 %	42 %	48 %	42 %	42 %	49 %	42 %	49 %	42 %	41 %	41 %
Silt	18 %	30 %	34 %	34 %	34 %	31 %	34 %	38 %	40 %	38 %	36 %	28 %	34 %	31 %	38 %	36 %	37 %
Clay	9 %	44 %	24 %	24 %	24 %	20 %	24 %	20 %	12 %	20 %	22 %	23 %	24 %	20 %	20 %	23 %	22 %
USDA Texture	Sandy loam	Clay	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.59 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.45 g/cm³	1.28 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.1 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	0.96 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.1 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.1 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	1.4 %	1.89 %	1.61 %	1.61 %	1.61 %	2.4 %	1.61 %	1.45 %	3.15 %	1.45 %	1 %	0.98 %	1.61 %	2.4 %	1.45 %	2.72 %	0.74 %
PH	7.5	6.1	7.5	7.5	7.5	5.1	7.5	5.1	5	5.1	6.6	6.6	7.5	5.1	5.1	5.3	6.5
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	85 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	34 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	66 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	34 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	47 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	12 cmol kg⁻¹	24 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	86 %	62 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	36 %	100 %	38 %	10 %	38 %	93 %	83 %	100 %	36 %	38 %	25 %	91 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	5.2 cmol kg⁻¹	12.9 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	4.7 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	4.3 cmol kg⁻¹	4.4 cmol kg⁻¹	4.3 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	11.6 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	4.7 cmol kg⁻¹	4.3 cmol kg⁻¹	5.4 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0 %	3.9 %	3.9 %	3.9 %	0 %	3.9 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	3.9 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	1 %	0 %	3 %	3 %	3 %	4 %	3 %	2 %	0 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	3 %	4 %	2 %	1 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel		33 %						19 %	17 %	19 %	12 %	9 %			19 %	6 %	3 %
Sand		24 %						45 %	55 %	45 %	41 %	47 %			45 %	44 %	37 %
Silt		27 %						35 %	33 %	35 %	34 %	26 %			35 %	32 %	34 %
Clay		49 %						20 %	12 %	20 %	25 %	27 %			20 %	24 %	29 %
USDA Texture		Clay						Loam	Sandy loam	Loam	Loam	Sandy clay loam			Loam	Loam	Clay loam
Reference Bulk Density		1.24 g/cm³						1.42 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³			1.42 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³
Bulk Density		1.35 g/cm³						1.36 g/cm³	1.29 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³			1.36 g/cm³	1.16 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³
Organic Carbon		0.61 %						0.5 %	1.13 %	0.5 %	0.37 %	0.47 %			0.5 %	1.07 %	0.36 %
PH		6.4						5.2	5.1	5.2	7	6.7			5.2	5.3	6.7
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity		40 cmol kg⁻¹						35 cmol kg⁻¹	65 cmol kg⁻¹	35 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹			35 cmol kg⁻¹	37 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity		23 cmol kg⁻¹						9 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹			9 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation		55 %						33 %	13 %	33 %	93 %	92 %			33 %	30 %	93 %
Total Exchangeable Bases		11.6 cmol kg⁻¹						2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	0.8 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹	11.9 cmol kg⁻¹			2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	2.5 cmol kg⁻¹	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate		0 %						0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0.1 %			0 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate		0 %						0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %			0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium		0 %						2 %	0 %	2 %	2 %	1 %			2 %	2 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity		0.1 dS m-1						0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1			0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263