World Species : Protected Area : SIERRA DE GREDOS

SIERRA DE GREDOS

Location:	Spain
Area:	213,494 acres (86,398 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Csb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: summer dry; Temperature: warm summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Northwest Iberian montane forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A		B				C			D

Share	90 %	10 %	50 %	20 %	15 %	15 %	45 %	35 %	20 %	60 %	20 %	10 %	10 %
Soil Type	Lithic Leptosols	Umbric Leptosols	Humic Cambisols	Dystric Cambisols	Umbric Leptosols	Lithic Leptosols	Gleyic Acrisols	Gleyic Luvisols	Dystric Planosols	Eutric Fluvisols	Calcaric Cambisols	Eutric Fluvisols	Calcaric Fluvisols
Topsoil Texture	Coarse	Coarse	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
Reference Depth	10 cm	30 cm	100 cm	100 cm	30 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Poor	Poor	Poor	Poor	Moderately well	Poor	Poor
Available Water Capacity	0 mm	15 mm	15 m	15 m	15 mm	0 mm	15 m	15 m	15 m	75 m	150 m	50 m	75 m
Phase 1	Stony	Stony	Lithic	Lithic	Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly		Gravelly	Gravelly
Phase 2			Gravelly	Gravelly
Root Obstacle			20 - 40 cm	20 - 40 cm			None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm
Impermeable Layer			None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm			0 - 40 cm	0 - 40 cm	0 - 40 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	40 - 80 cm	None to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime			Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month			Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	21 %	10 %	8 %	10 %	6 %	21 %	4 %	4 %	4 %	4 %	6 %	4 %	15 %
Sand	73 %	79 %	41 %	42 %	49 %	42 %	77 %	80 %	77 %	39 %	36 %	39 %	34 %
Silt	18 %	13 %	36 %	38 %	31 %	34 %	14 %	11 %	12 %	40 %	43 %	40 %	48 %
Clay	9 %	8 %	23 %	20 %	20 %	24 %	9 %	9 %	11 %	21 %	21 %	21 %	18 %
USDA Texture	Sandy loam	Loamy sand	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Sandy loam	Loamy sand	Sandy loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.59 g/cm³	1.62 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.57 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.45 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.1 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.1 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.46 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	1.4 %	2.59 %	2.72 %	1.45 %	2.4 %	1.61 %	1.83 %	0.63 %	0.31 %	0.86 %	0.65 %	0.86 %	0.6 %
PH	7.5	4.7	5.3	5.1	5.1	7.5	5	6.5	5.2	7.2	8	7.2	8
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	85 cmol kg⁻¹	24 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	34 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	54 cmol kg⁻¹	19 cmol kg⁻¹	63 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	63 cmol kg⁻¹	68 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	12 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	4 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	86 %	86 %	25 %	38 %	36 %	100 %	72 %	83 %	79 %	91 %	100 %	91 %	100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	5.2 cmol kg⁻¹	5.2 cmol kg⁻¹	5.4 cmol kg⁻¹	4.3 cmol kg⁻¹	4.7 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	6.1 cmol kg⁻¹	4.6 cmol kg⁻¹	16.9 cmol kg⁻¹	24.3 cmol kg⁻¹	16.9 cmol kg⁻¹	19.8 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	3.9 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0.5 %	7 %	0.5 %	11.7 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.2 %
Exchangeable Sodium	1 %	0 %	1 %	2 %	4 %	3 %	0 %	2 %	0 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	3 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.7 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel			6 %	19 %			8 %	5 %	7 %	7 %	10 %	7 %	10 %
Sand			44 %	45 %			64 %	68 %	57 %	41 %	34 %	41 %	36 %
Silt			32 %	35 %			14 %	10 %	14 %	38 %	43 %	38 %	46 %
Clay			24 %	20 %			22 %	22 %	29 %	21 %	23 %	21 %	18 %
USDA Texture			Loam	Loam			Sandy clay loam	Sandy clay loam	Sandy clay loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density			1.39 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³			1.44 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³
Bulk Density			1.16 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³			1.5 g/cm³	1.55 g/cm³	1.63 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³
Organic Carbon			1.07 %	0.5 %			0.42 %	0.3 %	0.3 %	0.38 %	0.43 %	0.38 %	0.4 %
PH			5.3	5.2			4.7	6.4	5.1	7.5	8.1	7.5	8.1
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity			37 cmol kg⁻¹	35 cmol kg⁻¹			11 cmol kg⁻¹	43 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	61 cmol kg⁻¹	54 cmol kg⁻¹	61 cmol kg⁻¹	84 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity			14 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹			3 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation			30 %	33 %			42 %	80 %	41 %	96 %	100 %	96 %	100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases			2.5 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹			2.2 cmol kg⁻¹	5.9 cmol kg⁻¹	5.6 cmol kg⁻¹	15.2 cmol kg⁻¹	28.7 cmol kg⁻¹	15.2 cmol kg⁻¹	20.7 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate			0 %	0 %			0 %	0.1 %	0 %	2.5 %	8.7 %	2.5 %	12.2 %
Calcium Sulphate			0 %	0 %			0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0.4 %	0 %	0.2 %
Exchangeable Sodium			2 %	2 %			0 %	1 %	3 %	3 %	1 %	3 %	3 %
Electrical Conductivity			0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1			0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.5 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263