Animalia > Chordata > Aves > Passeriformes > Sittidae > Sitta > Sitta europaea

Sitta europaea (Eurasian Nuthatch)

Synonyms: Sitta caesia; Sitta europaea hassica

Wikipedia Abstract

The Eurasian nuthatch or wood nuthatch (Sitta europaea) is a small passerine bird found throughout temperate Asia and in Europe, where its name is the nuthatch. Like other nuthatches, it is a short-tailed bird with a long bill, blue-grey upperparts and a black eye-stripe. It is a vocal bird with a repeated loud dwip call. There are more than 20 subspecies in three main groups; birds in the west of the range have orange-buff underparts and a white throat, those in Russia have whitish underparts, and those in the Far East have a similar appearance to European birds, but lack the white throat.
View Wikipedia Record: Sitta europaea

Infraspecies

Sitta europaea albifrons
Sitta europaea amurensis
Sitta europaea arctica
Sitta europaea asiatica
Sitta europaea atlas
Sitta europaea baicalensis
Sitta europaea bedfordi
Sitta europaea caesia
Sitta europaea caucasica
Sitta europaea cisalpina
Sitta europaea clara
Sitta europaea europaea
Sitta europaea formosana
Sitta europaea hispaniensis
Sitta europaea hondoensis
Sitta europaea levantina
Sitta europaea persica
Sitta europaea roseilia
Sitta europaea rubiginosa
Sitta europaea sakhalinensis
Sitta europaea seorsa
Sitta europaea sinensis (Oriental Wood Nuthatch)
Sitta europaea takatsukasai

EDGE Analysis

Uniqueness Scale: Similiar (0) 
4
 Unique (100)
Uniqueness & Vulnerability Scale: Similiar & Secure (0) 
25
 Unique & Vulnerable (100)
ED Score: 9.63466
EDGE Score: 2.36412
Learn more at EDGE of Existence programme

Attributes

Adult Weight [1]  23 grams
Birth Weight [2]  2.3 grams
Female Weight [4]  21 grams
Male Weight [4]  24 grams
Weight Dimorphism [4]  14.3 %
Diet [3]  Carnivore (Invertebrates), Nectarivore, Granivore, Herbivore
Diet - Invertibrates [3]  70 %
Diet - Nectar [3]  10 %
Diet - Plants [3]  10 %
Diet - Seeds [3]  10 %
Forages - Mid-High [3]  33 %
Forages - Understory [3]  33 %
Forages - Ground [3]  33 %
Clutch Size [7]  7
Clutches / Year [6]  1
Fledging [4]  24 days
Incubation [6]  16 days
Mating Display [2]  Non-acrobatic aerial display
Maximum Longevity [5]  13 years
Wing Span [6]  9 inches (.24 m)
Female Maturity [5]  1 year
Male Maturity [5]  1 year

Ecoregions

Protected Areas

+ Click for partial list (100)Full list (152)

Ecosystems

Biodiversity Hotspots

Name Location Endemic Species Website
Caucasus Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Russia, Turkey No
Irano-Anatolian Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Turkmenistan No
Mediterranean Basin Algeria, Egypt, France, Greece, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Portugal, Spain, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey No
Mountains of Central Asia Afghanistan, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan No
Mountains of Southwest China China, Myanmar No

Prey / Diet

Prey / Diet Overlap

+ Click for partial list (89)Full list (280)

Providers

Shelter 
Columba oenas (Stock Dove)[8]

Consumers

External References

Audio

Play / PauseVolume
Provided by Avisoft Bioacoustics © Author: Raimund Specht

Citations

Attributes / relations provided by
♦ 1Storchová, Lenka; Hořák, David (2018), Data from: Life-history characteristics of European birds, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n6k3n
♦ 2Terje Lislevand, Jordi Figuerola, and Tamás Székely. 2007. Avian body sizes in relation to fecundity, mating system, display behavior, and resource sharing. Ecology 88:1605
♦ 3Hamish Wilman, Jonathan Belmaker, Jennifer Simpson, Carolina de la Rosa, Marcelo M. Rivadeneira, and Walter Jetz. 2014. EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology 95:2027
♦ 4Nathan P. Myhrvold, Elita Baldridge, Benjamin Chan, Dhileep Sivam, Daniel L. Freeman, and S. K. Morgan Ernest. 2015. An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles. Ecology 96:3109
♦ 5de Magalhaes, J. P., and Costa, J. (2009) A database of vertebrate longevity records and their relation to other life-history traits. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22(8):1770-1774
♦ 6British Trust for Ornithology
♦ 7Jetz W, Sekercioglu CH, Böhning-Gaese K (2008) The Worldwide Variation in Avian Clutch Size across Species and Space PLoS Biol 6(12): e303. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060303
♦ 8Ecology of Commanster
♦ 9Farwig, Nina; Schabo, Dana G.; Albrecht, Jörg (2017), Data from: Trait-associated loss of frugivores in fragmented forest does not affect seed removal rates, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.2784g
♦ 10Gibson, D. I., Bray, R. A., & Harris, E. A. (Compilers) (2005). Host-Parasite Database of the Natural History Museum, London
♦ 11International Flea Database
Ecoregions provided by World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF). WildFinder: Online database of species distributions, ver. 01.06 Wildfinder Database
Biodiversity Hotspots provided by Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund
Abstract provided by DBpedia licensed under a Creative Commons License
Audio software provided by SoundManager 2
Species taxanomy provided by GBIF Secretariat (2022). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2023-06-13; License: CC BY 4.0