Animalia > Chordata > Aves > Passeriformes > Icteridae > Quiscalus > Quiscalus quisculaQuiscalus quiscula (Common Grackle)Synonyms: Gracula quiscula (homotypic) Language: French The common grackle (Quiscalus quiscula) is a large icterid which is found in large numbers through much of North America. |
Uniqueness Scale: Similiar (0) Unique (100) Uniqueness & Vulnerability Scale: Similiar & Secure (0) Unique & Vulnerable (100) ED Score: 3.50654 EDGE Score: 1.50553 |
| Adult Weight [1] | 108 grams | | Birth Weight [3] | 6 grams | | Female Weight [5] | 92 grams | | Male Weight [5] | 120 grams | | Weight Dimorphism [5] | 30.4 % |  | | Breeding Habitat [2] | Generalist, Agricultural | | Wintering Geography [2] | Southeastern U.S. | | Wintering Habitat [2] | Generalist, Agricultural | | | Diet [4] | Carnivore (Invertebrates), Carnivore (Vertebrates), Piscivore, Granivore | | Diet - Endothermic [4] | 10 % | | Diet - Fish [4] | 10 % | | Diet - Invertibrates [4] | 40 % | | Diet - Seeds [4] | 40 % | | Forages - Mid-High [4] | 10 % | | Forages - Understory [4] | 20 % | | Forages - Ground [4] | 70 % | | | Clutch Size [6] | 4 | | Clutches / Year [3] | 1 | | Fledging [1] | 15 days | | Global Population (2017 est.) [2] | 69,000,000 | | Incubation [3] | 14 days | | Mating System [8] | Monogamy | | Maximum Longevity [3] | 23 years | | Migration [7] | Migratory | | Wing Span [9] | 16 inches (.414 m) |
|
| Name |
Countries |
Ecozone |
Biome |
Species |
Report |
Climate |
Land
Use |
|
Alberta Mountain forests |
Canada |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
 |
 |
 |
 |
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Alberta-British Columbia foothills forests |
Canada |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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|
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Allegheny Highlands forests |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
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Appalachian mixed mesophytic forests |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
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Appalachian-Blue Ridge forests |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
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|
Atlantic coastal pine barrens |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Canadian Aspen forests and parklands |
Canada |
Nearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
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|
Central and Southern mixed grasslands |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
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|
Central Canadian Shield forests |
Canada |
Nearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
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Central forest-grasslands transition |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
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|
Central tall grasslands |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
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|
|
Central U.S. hardwood forests |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
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|
|
|
Colorado Rockies forests |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
East Central Texas forests |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
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|
|
|
Eastern Canadian forests |
Canada |
Nearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
|
|
|
|
Eastern forest-boreal transition |
Canada, United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
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|
Eastern Great Lakes lowland forests |
Canada, United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
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|
Everglades |
United States |
Neotropic |
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
|
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|
Flint Hills tall grasslands |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
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|
|
|
Florida sand pine scrub |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
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|
|
|
Gulf of St. Lawrence lowland forests |
Canada |
Nearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Mid-Continental Canadian forests |
Canada |
Nearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
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|
|
|
Middle Atlantic coastal forests |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Midwestern Canadian Shield forests |
Canada |
Nearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
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|
|
|
Mississippi lowland forests |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
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|
Montana Valley and Foothill grasslands |
Canada, United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
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|
Muskwa-Slave Lake forests |
Canada |
Nearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
|
|
|
|
Nebraska Sand Hills mixed grasslands |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
New England-Acadian forests |
Canada, United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Newfoundland Highland forests |
Canada |
Nearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
|
|
|
|
North Central Rockies forests |
Canada, United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Northeastern coastal forests |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Northern Cordillera forests |
Canada |
Nearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
|
|
|
|
Northern mixed grasslands |
Canada, United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
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|
Northern short grasslands |
Canada, United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
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|
|
Northern tall grasslands |
Canada, United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Ozark Mountain forests |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Piney Woods forests |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Sierra Madre de Oaxaca pine-oak forests |
Mexico |
Neotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
South Avalon-Burin oceanic barrens |
Canada |
Nearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
|
|
|
|
South Central Rockies forests |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
South Florida rocklands |
United States |
Neotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
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|
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|
Southeastern conifer forests |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Southeastern mixed forests |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Southern Great Lakes forests |
Canada, United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
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|
Tamaulipan mezquital |
Mexico, United States |
Nearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
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|
Texas blackland prairies |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
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|
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|
Upper Midwest forest-savanna transition |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
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Western Great Lakes forests |
Canada, United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
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|
Western Gulf Coastal grasslands |
Mexico, United States |
Nearctic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
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Western short grasslands |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
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|
| Name |
IUCN Category |
Area acres |
Location |
Species |
Website |
Climate |
Land Use |
|
Acadia National Park |
II |
35996 |
Maine, United States |
|
 |
|
|
|
Algonquin Provincial Park |
IV |
1868802 |
Ontario, Canada |
|
|
|
|
|
Apostle Islands National Lakeshore |
II |
36006 |
Wisconsin, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Assateague Island National Seashore |
II |
8621 |
Maryland, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Audubon National Wildlife Refuge |
IV |
14642 |
North Dakota, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Badlands National Park |
II |
178535 |
South Dakota, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Bandelier National Monument |
V |
8107 |
New Mexico, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Banff National Park |
II |
1690912 |
Alberta, Canada |
|
|
|
|
|
Big Bend Biosphere Reserve National Park |
II |
815561 |
Texas, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Big Cypress National Preserve |
V |
732120 |
Florida, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Big Thicket Biosphere Reserve National Park |
II |
616880 |
Texas, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area |
V |
36286 |
Montana, Wyoming, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Biscayne National Park |
II |
11085 |
Florida, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge |
VI |
19192 |
Maryland, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge |
VI |
16363 |
Delaware, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Buffalo National River National River and Wild and Scenic Riverway |
V |
59947 |
Arkansas, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
California Coast Ranges Biosphere Reserve |
|
153447 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Canaveral National Seashore |
II |
9090 |
Florida, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Cape Breton Highlands National Park |
II |
234333 |
Nova Scotia, Canada |
|
|
|
|
|
Cape Cod National Seashore |
II |
21724 |
Massachusetts, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Cape Hatteras National Seashore |
II |
21476 |
North Carolina, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Cape Lookout National Seashore |
II |
18379 |
North Carolina, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge |
IV |
8964 |
South Carolina, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Capital Reef National Park |
II |
243722 |
Utah, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Carlsbad Caverns National Park |
II |
15448 |
New Mexico, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Carolinian-South Atlantic Biosphere Reserve |
|
310228 |
North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Central Gulf Coastal Plain Biosphere Reserve |
|
40530 |
United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Central Plains Biosphere Reserve |
|
15345 |
United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Champlain-Adirondack Biosphere Reserve |
|
9859505 |
New York, Vermont, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Chesapeake & Ohio Canal National Hist. Park National Historical Park |
V |
19586 |
Maryland, District of Columbia, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Colonial National Historic Park National Historical Park |
V |
9316 |
Virginia, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Cumberland Island National Seashore |
II |
20629 |
Georgia, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Curecanti National Recreation Area |
V |
31032 |
Colorado, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Cuyahoga Valley National Park |
II |
24907 |
Ohio, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
De Soto National Wildlife Refuge |
IV |
8007 |
Iowa, Nebraska, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Death Valley National Park |
II |
762125 |
California, Nevada, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Dinosaur National Monument |
III |
203307 |
Colorado, Utah, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
El Malpais National Monument |
III |
109980 |
New Mexico, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Elk Island National Park |
II |
47171 |
Alberta, Canada |
|
|
|
|
|
Felsenthal National Wildlife Refuge |
VI |
66133 |
Arkansas, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Fire Island National Seashore |
V |
9433 |
New York, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary |
IV |
2387149 |
Florida, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Forillon National Park |
II |
61010 |
Quebec, Canada |
|
|
|
|
|
Fossil Butte National Monument |
III |
8423 |
Wyoming, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Fundy National Park |
II |
52716 |
New Brunswick, Canada |
|
|
|
|
|
Grasslands National Park |
II |
128635 |
Saskatchewan, Canada |
|
|
|
|
|
Great Smoky Mountains National Park |
II |
515454 |
North Carolina, Tennessee, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Greenwater Provincial Park |
II |
11019 |
Ontario, Canada |
|
|
|
|
|
Gros Morne National Park |
II |
476632 |
Newfoundland, Canada |
|
|
|
|
|
Horicon National Wildlife Refuge |
IV |
21369 |
Wisconsin, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore |
II |
8272 |
Indiana, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Isle Royale Biosphere Reserve |
Ib |
571799 |
Michigan, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Jasper National Park |
II |
2776809 |
Alberta, Canada |
|
|
|
|
|
Jean Lafitte National Hist. Park & Preserve National Historical Park |
II |
17686 |
Louisiana, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Kejimkujik National Park |
II |
94203 |
Nova Scotia, Canada |
|
|
|
|
|
Konza Prairie Biosphere Reserve |
|
8617 |
Kansas, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Kouchibouguac National Park |
II |
59161 |
New Brunswick, Canada |
|
|
|
|
|
La Mauricie National Park |
II |
131706 |
Quebec, Canada |
|
|
|
|
|
Lacassine National Wildlife Refuge |
VI |
28351 |
Louisiana, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Lake Superior Provincial Park |
IV |
351011 |
Ontario, Canada |
|
|
|
|
|
Land Between the Lakes Biosphere Reserve |
V |
166264 |
Kentucky, Tennessee, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Long Point Biosphere Reserve |
|
100325 |
Ontario, Canada |
|
|
|
|
|
Mammoth Cave Area Biosphere Reserve (Natn'l Park) National Park |
II |
51235 |
Kentucky, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Mingan Archipelago National Park Reserve |
II |
20461 |
Quebec, Canada |
|
|
|
|
|
Nahanni National Park Reserve |
II |
1309627 |
Northwest Territories, Canada |
|
|
|
|
|
New River Gorge National River National River and Wild and Scenic Riverway |
V |
55591 |
West Virginia, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Niagara Escarpment Biosphere Reserve |
|
470167 |
Ontario, Canada |
|
|
|
|
|
Oak Ridge National Environmental Research Park |
|
20001 |
Tennessee, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge |
IV |
38256 |
Florida, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Ozark National Scenic Riverways National River and Wild and Scenic Riverway |
V |
54621 |
Missouri, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Padre Island National Seashore |
II |
42068 |
Texas, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore |
II |
67888 |
Michigan, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Point Reyes National Seashore |
II |
27068 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Polar Bear Provincial Park |
|
5502026 |
Ontario, Canada |
|
|
|
|
|
Prince Albert National Park |
II |
976762 |
Saskatchewan, Canada |
|
|
|
|
|
Prince William Forest Park |
|
19378 |
District of Columbia, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Pukaskwa National Park |
II |
459860 |
Ontario, Canada |
|
|
|
|
|
Redberry Lake Biosphere Reserve |
|
277252 |
Saskatchewan, Canada |
|
|
|
|
|
Redwood National Park |
II |
77867 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Reserve de la Biosphere de Charlevoix Biosphere Reserve |
|
1383790 |
Canada |
|
|
|
|
|
Riding Mountain Biosphere Reserve |
II |
762028 |
Manitoba, Canada |
|
|
|
|
|
Rocky Mountain Biosphere Reserve |
II |
239938 |
Colorado, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge |
VI |
23844 |
Oklahoma, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Sevilleta LTER Site Long Term Ecological Research |
IV |
228335 |
New Mexico, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore |
II |
62563 |
Michigan, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
South Atlantic Coastal Plain Biosphere Reserve |
|
20317 |
South Carolina, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Southern Appalachian Biosphere Reserve |
|
37548505 |
North Carolina, Tennessee, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Southwest Nova Biosphere Reserve |
|
3821173 |
Canada |
|
|
|
|
|
Upper Miss. River Nat'l Wildlife Refuge National Wildlife Refuge |
VI |
25823 |
Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Virginia Coast Biosphere Reserve |
|
33386 |
Virginia, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Voyageurs National Park |
II |
177960 |
Minnesota, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Waterton Biosphere Reserve |
II |
121459 |
Alberta, Canada |
|
|
|
|
|
Wheeler National Wildlife Refuge |
IV |
26618 |
Alabama, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
White Sands National Monument |
III |
139922 |
New Mexico, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Wind Cave National Park |
II |
29471 |
South Dakota, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Winisk River Provincial Park |
II |
434735 |
Ontario, Canada |
|
|
|
|
|
Wood Buffalo National Park |
II |
11038545 |
Alberta, Canada |
|
|
|
|
|
Woodland Caribou Provincial Wilderness Park Provincial Park |
II |
1072124 |
Ontario, Canada |
|
|
|
|
|
Yellowstone Biosphere Reserve |
II |
2196863 |
Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Yoho National Park |
II |
317576 |
British Columbia, Canada |
|
|
|
|
| Play / Pause |  | Volume |  |
Attributes / relations provided by ♦ 1Nathan P. Myhrvold, Elita Baldridge, Benjamin Chan, Dhileep Sivam, Daniel L. Freeman, and S. K. Morgan Ernest. 2015. An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles. Ecology 96:3109 ♦ 2Partners in Flight Avian Conservation Assessment Database, version 2017. Accessed on January 2018. ♦ 3de Magalhaes, J. P., and Costa, J. (2009) A database of vertebrate longevity records and their relation to other life-history traits. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22(8):1770-1774 ♦ 4Hamish Wilman, Jonathan Belmaker, Jennifer Simpson, Carolina de la Rosa, Marcelo M. Rivadeneira, and Walter Jetz. 2014. EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology 95:2027 ♦ 5Peer, BD, and EK Bollinger. 1997. Common grackle (Quiscalus quiscula). The Birds of North America, ed. A. Poole and F. Gill. No. 271. Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia; and
American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, DC ♦ 6Jetz W, Sekercioglu CH, Böhning-Gaese K (2008) The Worldwide Variation in Avian Clutch Size across Species and Space PLoS Biol 6(12): e303. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060303 ♦ 7Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. 2006. The Animal Diversity Web (online). Accessed February 01, 2010 at animaldiversity.org♦ 8Terje Lislevand, Jordi Figuerola, and Tamás Székely. 2007. Avian body sizes in relation to fecundity, mating system, display behavior, and resource sharing. Ecology 88:1605 ♦ 9DETERMINATION OF BODY DENSITY FOR TWELVE BIRD SPECIES, DAVID M. HAMERSHOCK, THOMAS W. SEAMANS, GLEN E. BERNHARDT, WRIGHT LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH (1993) ♦ 10Jorrit H. Poelen, James D. Simons and Chris J. Mungall. (2014). Global Biotic Interactions: An open infrastructure to share and analyze species-interaction datasets. Ecological Informatics. ♦ 11Study of Northern Virginia Ecology♦ 12Anurans as prey: an exploratory analysis and size relationships between predators and their prey, L. F. Toledo, R. S. Ribeiro & C. F. B. Haddad, Journal of Zoology 271 (2007) 170–177 ♦ 13Gibson, D. I., Bray, R. A., & Harris, E. A. (Compilers) (2005). Host-Parasite Database of the Natural History Museum, London ♦ 14International Flea DatabaseEcoregions provided by World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF). WildFinder: Online database of species distributions, ver. 01.06 Wildfinder Database |
Species taxanomy provided by GBIF Secretariat (2022). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2023-06-13; License: CC BY 4.0
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