De Soto National Wildlife Refuge

Location:Iowa, Nebraska, United States
IUCN Category:IV
Area:8,007 acres (3,240 hectares)
Species:All  Endangered  Invasive
Website:View website
Climate:View Climate Data
Land Use:View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:Dfa (Climate: snow; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: hot summer)

Ecoregions

Central tall grasslands

Soils

Protected Area Boundary
 A
  
Share40 %20 %20 %20 %
Soil TypeGleyic PhaeozemsOrthic LuvisolsEutric FluvisolsHaplic Phaeozems
Topsoil TextureMediumMediumMediumMedium
Reference Depth100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm
DrainagePoorModerately wellPoorModerately well
Available Water Capacity150 m150 m150 m150 m
Topsoil Properties
Gravel3 %4 %4 %7 %
Sand36 %47 %39 %39 %
Silt39 %32 %41 %38 %
Clay25 %21 %20 %23 %
USDA TextureLoamLoamLoamLoam
Reference Bulk Density1.37 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.41 g/cm³1.42 g/cm³1.36 g/cm³1.33 g/cm³
Organic Carbon1.29 %0.82 %0.9 %1.83 %
PH5.76.27.36.4
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity51 cmol kg⁻¹35 cmol kg⁻¹62 cmol kg⁻¹55 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity17 cmol kg⁻¹11 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹18 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation84 %88 %91 %87 %
Total Exchangeable Bases15.3 cmol kg⁻¹8.3 cmol kg⁻¹16.4 cmol kg⁻¹11.4 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate0 %0 %1 %0 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium2 %1 %2 %1 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel4 %5 %8 %3 %
Sand31 %40 %41 %43 %
Silt35 %29 %38 %35 %
Clay34 %31 %21 %22 %
USDA TextureClay loamClay loamLoamLoam
Reference Bulk Density1.31 g/cm³1.34 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.39 g/cm³1.5 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³
Organic Carbon0.51 %0.39 %0.4 %0.64 %
PH6.96.27.56.8
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity62 cmol kg⁻¹33 cmol kg⁻¹58 cmol kg⁻¹64 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity25 cmol kg⁻¹12 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation94 %87 %97 %92 %
Total Exchangeable Bases22.6 cmol kg⁻¹9.6 cmol kg⁻¹15.1 cmol kg⁻¹12.2 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate4.4 %0 %3.9 %0 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium2 %1 %3 %1 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263