World Species : Protected Area : Provadiysko-Royaksko plateau

Provadiysko-Royaksko plateau

Location:	Bulgaria
Area:	207,644 acres (84,030 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Cfb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Balkan mixed forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A		B				C

Share	85 %	15 %	40 %	30 %	25 %	5 %	50 %	30 %	10 %	5 %	5 %
Soil Type	Calcic Chernozems	Calcaric Regosols	Chromic Luvisols	Haplic Luvisols	Eutric Regosols	Calcaric Regosols	Calcaric Fluvisols	Eutric Fluvisols	Gleyic Phaeozems	Mollic Gleysols	Terric Histosols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Poor	Poor	Poor	Poor	Very poor
Available Water Capacity	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m
Root Obstacle	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm
Impermeable Layer	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	4 %	14 %	12 %	4 %	25 %	14 %	15 %	4 %	3 %	4 %	28 %
Sand	28 %	44 %	48 %	41 %	47 %	44 %	34 %	39 %	35 %	39 %	35 %
Silt	47 %	35 %	28 %	37 %	34 %	35 %	48 %	40 %	42 %	39 %	33 %
Clay	25 %	21 %	24 %	22 %	19 %	21 %	18 %	21 %	23 %	22 %	32 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Clay loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.35 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.32 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.21 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.28 g/cm³	0.28 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	1.65 %	0.75 %	0.83 %	0.74 %	0.98 %	0.75 %	0.6 %	0.86 %	1.26 %	1.65 %	39.4 %
PH	7.8	8	6.3	6.5	6.4	8	8	7.2	5.7	6.6	5.6
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	64 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	47 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	68 cmol kg⁻¹	63 cmol kg⁻¹	51 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	23 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	87 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	100 %	100 %	88 %	91 %	78 %	100 %	100 %	91 %	84 %	87 %	75 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	38 cmol kg⁻¹	26.8 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	26.8 cmol kg⁻¹	19.8 cmol kg⁻¹	16.9 cmol kg⁻¹	13.8 cmol kg⁻¹	9.8 cmol kg⁻¹	59.5 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	4.6 %	15 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	15 %	11.7 %	0.5 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.2 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	1 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	3 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.4 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.7 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	17 %	18 %	8 %	3 %	28 %	18 %	10 %	7 %	5 %	3 %	5 %
Sand	28 %	40 %	41 %	37 %	51 %	40 %	36 %	41 %	29 %	37 %	52 %
Silt	47 %	35 %	25 %	34 %	31 %	35 %	46 %	38 %	38 %	35 %	23 %
Clay	25 %	25 %	34 %	29 %	18 %	25 %	18 %	21 %	33 %	28 %	25 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Loam	Clay loam	Clay loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Clay loam	Clay loam	Sandy clay loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.35 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.3 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	0.18 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.78 %	0.47 %	0.4 %	0.36 %	0.4 %	0.47 %	0.4 %	0.38 %	0.5 %	0.69 %	38.46 %
PH	8.2	8.1	6.4	6.7	6.9	8.1	8.1	7.5	6.9	7.2	5.8
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	81 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	56 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	84 cmol kg⁻¹	61 cmol kg⁻¹	62 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹	49 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	24 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	88 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	100 %	100 %	90 %	93 %	89 %	100 %	100 %	96 %	90 %	88 %	96 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	29.1 cmol kg⁻¹	36.5 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹	10.3 cmol kg⁻¹	36.5 cmol kg⁻¹	20.7 cmol kg⁻¹	15.2 cmol kg⁻¹	22.3 cmol kg⁻¹	10.7 cmol kg⁻¹	81.8 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	13.6 %	15 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	15 %	12.2 %	2.5 %	2.2 %	4 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.2 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	3 %	3 %	2 %	1 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.4 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.5 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263