World Species : Protected Area : SIERRA NEVADA

SIERRA NEVADA

Location:	Spain
Area:	424,554 acres (171,811 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Csa (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: summer dry; Temperature: hot summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A			B		C		D				E				F			G		H

Share	70 %	20 %	10 %	90 %	10 %	65 %	35 %	50 %	25 %	20 %	5 %	70 %	20 %	5 %	5 %	75 %	20 %	5 %	60 %	40 %	45 %	45 %	10 %
Soil Type	Calcaric Fluvisols	Calcaric Cambisols	Calcaric Fluvisols	Lithic Leptosols	Umbric Leptosols	Calcaric Cambisols	Chromic Luvisols	Calcaric Cambisols	Lithic Leptosols	Rendzic Leptosols	Chromic Luvisols	Calcaric Cambisols	Calcaric Regosols	Chromic Luvisols	Haplic Solonchaks	Calcaric Cambisols	Calcaric Regosols	Haplic Solonchaks	Calcaric Cambisols	Calcaric Regosols	Eutric Cambisols	Eutric Regosols	Chromic Luvisols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Medium	Medium	Coarse	Coarse	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Fine	Fine	Fine	Fine	Fine	Fine	Fine	Fine	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	30 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	30 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Poor	Moderately well	Poor	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Moderately well
Available Water Capacity	75 m	150 m	150 m	0 mm	15 mm	50 m	50 m	50 m	15 mm	50 mm	50 m	50 m	15 m	50 m	50 m	50 m	15 m	50 m	150 m	100 m	15 m	50 m	150 m
Phase 1	Gravelly			Stony	Stony	Gravelly	Gravelly	Lithic	Stony		Lithic	Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly	Saline	Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly			Lithic	Lithic
Phase 2						Petrocalcic						Petrocalcic		Petrocalcic	Gravelly	Petrocalcic					Gravelly
Root Obstacle	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm			60 - 80 cm	None to 80 cm	60 - 80 cm			40 - 60 cm	None to 80 cm	20 - 40 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	20 - 40 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	20 - 40 cm	20 - 40 cm	20 - 40 cm
Impermeable Layer	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	40 - 80 cm			None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm			None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	40 - 80 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	40 - 80 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	40 - 80 cm	0 - 40 cm	None to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month			Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month			Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	15 %	6 %	15 %	21 %	10 %	6 %	12 %	6 %	21 %	16 %	4 %	5 %	48 %	4 %	4 %	5 %	48 %	4 %	6 %	14 %	9 %	25 %	12 %
Sand	34 %	36 %	34 %	73 %	79 %	36 %	48 %	36 %	42 %	37 %	27 %	19 %	22 %	27 %	19 %	19 %	22 %	19 %	36 %	44 %	42 %	47 %	48 %
Silt	48 %	43 %	48 %	18 %	13 %	43 %	28 %	43 %	34 %	44 %	27 %	32 %	36 %	27 %	29 %	32 %	36 %	29 %	43 %	35 %	36 %	34 %	28 %
Clay	18 %	21 %	18 %	9 %	8 %	21 %	24 %	21 %	24 %	19 %	46 %	49 %	42 %	46 %	52 %	49 %	42 %	52 %	21 %	21 %	22 %	19 %	24 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Loam	Loam	Sandy loam	Loamy sand	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Clay	Clay	Clay	Clay	Clay	Clay	Clay	Clay	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.41 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.59 g/cm³	1.62 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.39 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.28 g/cm³	1.28 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.28 g/cm³	1.28 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.6 %	0.65 %	0.6 %	1.4 %	2.59 %	0.65 %	0.83 %	0.65 %	1.61 %	2.13 %	1.2 %	0.87 %	1.83 %	1.2 %	0.54 %	0.87 %	1.83 %	0.54 %	0.65 %	0.75 %	1 %	0.98 %	0.83 %
PH	8	8	8	7.5	4.7	8	6.3	8	7.5	7.5	6.3	7.8	7.6	6.3	8.9	7.8	7.6	8.9	8	8	6.6	6.4	6.3
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	68 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	68 cmol kg⁻¹	85 cmol kg⁻¹	24 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	80 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	57 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	48 cmol kg⁻¹	57 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	48 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	14 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	19 cmol kg⁻¹	30 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	19 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	30 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	100 %	100 %	100 %	86 %	86 %	100 %	88 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	79 %	100 %	62 %	79 %	100 %	100 %	62 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	93 %	78 %	88 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	19.8 cmol kg⁻¹	24.3 cmol kg⁻¹	19.8 cmol kg⁻¹	5.2 cmol kg⁻¹	5.2 cmol kg⁻¹	24.3 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	24.3 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	28.8 cmol kg⁻¹	13.4 cmol kg⁻¹	46.6 cmol kg⁻¹	12.9 cmol kg⁻¹	13.4 cmol kg⁻¹	46.5 cmol kg⁻¹	46.6 cmol kg⁻¹	12.9 cmol kg⁻¹	46.5 cmol kg⁻¹	24.3 cmol kg⁻¹	26.8 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	11.7 %	7 %	11.7 %	0 %	0 %	7 %	0 %	7 %	3.9 %	6 %	0 %	4.9 %	3 %	0 %	3 %	4.9 %	3 %	3 %	7 %	15 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0.2 %	0 %	0.2 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0.4 %	0.1 %	0 %	0.4 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	3 %	1 %	3 %	1 %	0 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	3 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	43 %	1 %	1 %	43 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.7 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.7 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	5.9 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	5.9 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	10 %	10 %	10 %			10 %	8 %	10 %			6 %	5 %	33 %	6 %	6 %	5 %	33 %	6 %	10 %	18 %	12 %	28 %	8 %
Sand	36 %	34 %	36 %			34 %	41 %	34 %			21 %	23 %	21 %	21 %	33 %	23 %	21 %	33 %	34 %	40 %	41 %	51 %	41 %
Silt	46 %	43 %	46 %			43 %	25 %	43 %			25 %	35 %	36 %	25 %	28 %	35 %	36 %	28 %	43 %	35 %	34 %	31 %	25 %
Clay	18 %	23 %	18 %			23 %	34 %	23 %			54 %	42 %	43 %	54 %	39 %	42 %	43 %	39 %	23 %	25 %	25 %	18 %	34 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Loam	Loam			Loam	Clay loam	Loam			Clay	Clay	Clay	Clay	Clay	Clay	Clay	Clay	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Clay loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.41 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³			1.38 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³			1.22 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.25 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.29 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.25 g/cm³	1.29 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.41 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³			1.45 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³			1.4 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.4 %	0.43 %	0.4 %			0.43 %	0.4 %	0.43 %			0.58 %	0.39 %	0.5 %	0.58 %	0.38 %	0.39 %	0.5 %	0.38 %	0.43 %	0.47 %	0.37 %	0.4 %	0.4 %
PH	8.1	8.1	8.1			8.1	6.4	8.1			6.4	8.1	7.8	6.4	9	8.1	7.8	9	8.1	8.1	7	6.9	6.4
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	84 cmol kg⁻¹	54 cmol kg⁻¹	84 cmol kg⁻¹			54 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	54 cmol kg⁻¹			33 cmol kg⁻¹	58 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	33 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	58 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	54 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	56 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	13 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹			16 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹			20 cmol kg⁻¹	26 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	26 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	100 %	100 %	100 %			100 %	90 %	100 %			83 %	100 %	55 %	83 %	100 %	100 %	55 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	93 %	89 %	90 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	20.7 cmol kg⁻¹	28.7 cmol kg⁻¹	20.7 cmol kg⁻¹			28.7 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	28.7 cmol kg⁻¹			13.1 cmol kg⁻¹	44.8 cmol kg⁻¹	11.6 cmol kg⁻¹	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹	55.3 cmol kg⁻¹	44.8 cmol kg⁻¹	11.6 cmol kg⁻¹	55.3 cmol kg⁻¹	28.7 cmol kg⁻¹	36.5 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹	10.3 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	12.2 %	8.7 %	12.2 %			8.7 %	0 %	8.7 %			0 %	11.2 %	3 %	0 %	3 %	11.2 %	3 %	3 %	8.7 %	15 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0.2 %	0.4 %	0.2 %			0.4 %	0 %	0.4 %			0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.5 %	0 %	0 %	0.5 %	0.4 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	3 %	1 %	3 %			1 %	1 %	1 %			1 %	2 %	3 %	1 %	42 %	2 %	3 %	42 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.5 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.5 dS m-1			0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1			0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	14.8 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	14.8 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263