Batova

Location:Bulgaria
Area:94,228 acres (38,133 hectares)
Species:All  Endangered  Invasive
Climate:View Climate Data
Land Use:View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:Cfa (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: hot summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:View Data Sheet  Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Balkan mixed forests
East European forest steppe

Soils

Protected Area Boundary
 ABCD
     
Share85 %15 %75 %10 %10 %5 %50 %30 %10 %5 %5 %85 %15 %
Soil TypeCalcic ChernozemsCalcaric RegosolsLuvic PhaeozemsCalcaric RegosolsEutric RegosolsLuvic ChernozemsCalcaric FluvisolsEutric FluvisolsGleyic PhaeozemsMollic GleysolsTerric HistosolsLithic LeptosolsRendzic Leptosols
Topsoil TextureMediumMediumMediumMediumMediumFineMediumMediumMediumMediumMediumMediumMedium
Reference Depth100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm10 cm30 cm
DrainageModerately wellModerately wellModerately wellModerately wellModerately wellModerately wellPoorPoorPoorPoorVery poorImperfectlyImperfectly
Available Water Capacity150 m150 m150 m150 m150 m150 m150 m150 m150 m150 m150 m15 mm15 mm
Phase 1           StonyStony
Root ObstacleNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cm   
Impermeable LayerNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cm   
Soil Water RegimeNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month   
Topsoil Properties
Gravel4 %14 %4 %14 %25 %4 %15 %4 %3 %4 %28 %21 %16 %
Sand28 %44 %35 %44 %47 %19 %34 %39 %35 %39 %35 %42 %37 %
Silt47 %35 %40 %35 %34 %37 %48 %40 %42 %39 %33 %34 %44 %
Clay25 %21 %25 %21 %19 %44 %18 %21 %23 %22 %32 %24 %19 %
USDA TextureLoamLoamLoamLoamLoamClayLoamLoamLoamLoamClay loamLoamLoam
Reference Bulk Density1.35 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³1.36 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³1.43 g/cm³1.25 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³1.32 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.21 g/cm³1.37 g/cm³1.29 g/cm³1.37 g/cm³1.21 g/cm³1.23 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³1.36 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³1.28 g/cm³0.28 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³1.24 g/cm³
Organic Carbon1.65 %0.75 %1.68 %0.75 %0.98 %2.44 %0.6 %0.86 %1.26 %1.65 %39.4 %1.61 %2.13 %
PH7.886.286.47.287.25.76.65.67.57.5
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity64 cmol kg⁻¹45 cmol kg⁻¹52 cmol kg⁻¹45 cmol kg⁻¹40 cmol kg⁻¹65 cmol kg⁻¹68 cmol kg⁻¹63 cmol kg⁻¹51 cmol kg⁻¹45 cmol kg⁻¹45 cmol kg⁻¹42 cmol kg⁻¹80 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity23 cmol kg⁻¹17 cmol kg⁻¹20 cmol kg⁻¹17 cmol kg⁻¹12 cmol kg⁻¹38 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹17 cmol kg⁻¹87 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹27 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation100 %100 %87 %100 %78 %100 %100 %91 %84 %87 %75 %100 %100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases38 cmol kg⁻¹26.8 cmol kg⁻¹16.1 cmol kg⁻¹26.8 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹42 cmol kg⁻¹19.8 cmol kg⁻¹16.9 cmol kg⁻¹13.8 cmol kg⁻¹9.8 cmol kg⁻¹59.5 cmol kg⁻¹15.5 cmol kg⁻¹28.8 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate4.6 %15 %0 %15 %0 %4.2 %11.7 %0.5 %0 %0 %0 %3.9 %6 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0.2 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium1 %2 %1 %2 %1 %1 %3 %2 %2 %2 %1 %3 %2 %
Electrical Conductivity0.4 dS m-10.2 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.2 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.5 dS m-10.7 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel17 %18 %5 %18 %28 %6 %10 %7 %5 %3 %5 %  
Sand28 %40 %30 %40 %51 %14 %36 %41 %29 %37 %52 %  
Silt47 %35 %36 %35 %31 %39 %46 %38 %38 %35 %23 %  
Clay25 %25 %34 %25 %18 %47 %18 %21 %33 %28 %25 %  
USDA TextureLoamLoamClay loamLoamLoamClayLoamLoamClay loamClay loamSandy clay loam  
Reference Bulk Density1.35 g/cm³1.37 g/cm³1.31 g/cm³1.37 g/cm³1.44 g/cm³1.23 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.31 g/cm³1.35 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³  
Bulk Density1.3 g/cm³1.5 g/cm³1.37 g/cm³1.5 g/cm³1.45 g/cm³1.37 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³1.44 g/cm³1.35 g/cm³0.18 g/cm³  
Organic Carbon0.78 %0.47 %0.68 %0.47 %0.4 %1.25 %0.4 %0.38 %0.5 %0.69 %38.46 %  
PH8.28.16.98.16.97.38.17.56.97.25.8  
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity81 cmol kg⁻¹52 cmol kg⁻¹64 cmol kg⁻¹52 cmol kg⁻¹56 cmol kg⁻¹58 cmol kg⁻¹84 cmol kg⁻¹61 cmol kg⁻¹62 cmol kg⁻¹44 cmol kg⁻¹49 cmol kg⁻¹  
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity24 cmol kg⁻¹15 cmol kg⁻¹24 cmol kg⁻¹15 cmol kg⁻¹11 cmol kg⁻¹30 cmol kg⁻¹13 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹23 cmol kg⁻¹15 cmol kg⁻¹88 cmol kg⁻¹  
Base Saturation100 %100 %92 %100 %89 %100 %100 %96 %90 %88 %96 %  
Total Exchangeable Bases29.1 cmol kg⁻¹36.5 cmol kg⁻¹23.8 cmol kg⁻¹36.5 cmol kg⁻¹10.3 cmol kg⁻¹40 cmol kg⁻¹20.7 cmol kg⁻¹15.2 cmol kg⁻¹22.3 cmol kg⁻¹10.7 cmol kg⁻¹81.8 cmol kg⁻¹  
Calcium Carbonate13.6 %15 %0.4 %15 %0 %7.8 %12.2 %2.5 %2.2 %4 %0 %  
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0.2 %0 %0 %0 %0 %  
Exchangeable Sodium2 %2 %2 %2 %2 %1 %3 %3 %2 %1 %1 %  
Electrical Conductivity0.4 dS m-10.3 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.3 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.5 dS m-10.5 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1  
Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263