World Species : Protected Area : Sakar

Sakar

Location:	Bulgaria
Area:	310,629 acres (125,707 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Cfa (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: hot summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Balkan mixed forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A					B					C				D				E					F

Share	35 %	35 %	10 %	10 %	10 %	55 %	20 %	10 %	10 %	5 %	40 %	30 %	25 %	5 %	80 %	10 %	5 %	5 %	50 %	30 %	10 %	5 %	5 %	50 %	20 %	10 %	10 %	5 %	5 %
Soil Type	Chromic Luvisols	Chromic Luvisols	Lithosols	Rendzinas	Cambisols	Vertic Luvisols	Eutric Regosols	Chromic Luvisols	Eutric Vertisols	Eutric Planosols	Eutric Planosols	Dystric Planosols	Chromic Luvisols	Eutric Regosols	Eutric Vertisols	Eutric Regosols	Rendzic Leptosols	Calcic Vertisols	Calcaric Fluvisols	Eutric Fluvisols	Gleyic Phaeozems	Mollic Gleysols	Terric Histosols	Chromic Luvisols	Chromic Luvisols	Umbric Leptosols	Lithic Leptosols	Eutric Regosols	Eutric Cambisols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Fine	Medium	Medium	Medium	Fine	Medium	Medium	Fine	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Fine	Medium	Medium	Fine	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	30 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	30 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	30 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Poor	Poor	Poor	Poor	Moderately well	Moderately well	Poor	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Poor	Poor	Poor	Poor	Poor	Very poor	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well
Available Water Capacity	100 m	100 m	15 mm	50 mm	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	125 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	125 m	150 m	50 mm	125 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	100 m	100 m	15 mm	15 mm	100 m	100 m
Phase 1	Stony	Stony																						Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony
Root Obstacle						None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm		None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm		20 - 40 cm	20 - 40 cm			None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm
Impermeable Layer						None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm		None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm		None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm			None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime						Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month			Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Misc. Property						Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)			Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)						Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)			Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	9 %	4 %	26 %	10 %	8 %	4 %	25 %	12 %	4 %	4 %	4 %	4 %	12 %	25 %	4 %	25 %	16 %	3 %	15 %	4 %	3 %	4 %	28 %	12 %	12 %	6 %	21 %	25 %	9 %
Sand	47 %	26 %	43 %	42 %	43 %	18 %	47 %	48 %	19 %	42 %	42 %	42 %	48 %	47 %	19 %	47 %	37 %	17 %	34 %	39 %	35 %	39 %	35 %	48 %	48 %	49 %	42 %	47 %	42 %
Silt	29 %	27 %	34 %	38 %	36 %	26 %	34 %	28 %	25 %	38 %	38 %	38 %	28 %	34 %	25 %	34 %	44 %	27 %	48 %	40 %	42 %	39 %	33 %	28 %	28 %	31 %	34 %	34 %	36 %
Clay	24 %	47 %	23 %	20 %	21 %	56 %	19 %	24 %	56 %	20 %	20 %	20 %	24 %	19 %	56 %	19 %	19 %	56 %	18 %	21 %	23 %	22 %	32 %	24 %	24 %	20 %	24 %	19 %	22 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Clay	Loam	Loam	Loam	Clay	Loam	Loam	Clay	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Clay	Loam	Loam	Clay	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Clay loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.39 g/cm³	1.25 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.32 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.54 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.56 g/cm³	1.47 g/cm³	1.47 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.56 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.28 g/cm³	0.28 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.1 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.86 %	1.22 %	1.4 %	1.96 %	1.04 %	1.25 %	0.98 %	0.83 %	1.05 %	1.06 %	1.06 %	1.14 %	0.83 %	0.98 %	1.05 %	0.98 %	2.13 %	0.72 %	0.6 %	0.86 %	1.26 %	1.65 %	39.4 %	0.83 %	0.83 %	2.4 %	1.61 %	0.98 %	1 %
PH	6.4	6.3	7.6	7	6.3	6.9	6.4	6.3	6.9	5.6	5.6	4.5	6.3	6.4	6.9	6.4	7.5	7.9	8	7.2	5.7	6.6	5.6	6.3	6.3	5.1	7.5	6.4	6.6
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	38 cmol kg⁻¹	29 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	47 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	70 cmol kg⁻¹	37 cmol kg⁻¹	37 cmol kg⁻¹	25 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	70 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	80 cmol kg⁻¹	80 cmol kg⁻¹	68 cmol kg⁻¹	63 cmol kg⁻¹	51 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	34 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	12 cmol kg⁻¹	18 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	29 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	43 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	43 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	46 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	87 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	89 %	77 %	100 %	87 %	78 %	96 %	78 %	88 %	100 %	67 %	67 %	40 %	88 %	78 %	100 %	78 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	91 %	84 %	87 %	75 %	88 %	88 %	36 %	100 %	78 %	93 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	10 cmol kg⁻¹	13.4 cmol kg⁻¹	15.6 cmol kg⁻¹	21.4 cmol kg⁻¹	9.8 cmol kg⁻¹	25.9 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	40.9 cmol kg⁻¹	8.4 cmol kg⁻¹	8.4 cmol kg⁻¹	2.2 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	40.9 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	28.8 cmol kg⁻¹	51.7 cmol kg⁻¹	19.8 cmol kg⁻¹	16.9 cmol kg⁻¹	13.8 cmol kg⁻¹	9.8 cmol kg⁻¹	59.5 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	4.7 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0 %	3.9 %	0.2 %	0 %	1.6 %	0 %	0 %	0.2 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.2 %	0 %	6 %	5.4 %	11.7 %	0.5 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	3.9 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.2 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	1 %	1 %	4 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	3 %	3 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	3 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	4 %	3 %	1 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.7 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	8 %	7 %			13 %	8 %	28 %	8 %	5 %	4 %	4 %	4 %	8 %	28 %	5 %	28 %		4 %	10 %	7 %	5 %	3 %	5 %	8 %	8 %			28 %	12 %
Sand	39 %	21 %			42 %	18 %	51 %	41 %	18 %	33 %	33 %	28 %	41 %	51 %	18 %	51 %		17 %	36 %	41 %	29 %	37 %	52 %	41 %	41 %			51 %	41 %
Silt	27 %	25 %			34 %	21 %	31 %	25 %	24 %	31 %	31 %	29 %	25 %	31 %	24 %	31 %		26 %	46 %	38 %	38 %	35 %	23 %	25 %	25 %			31 %	34 %
Clay	34 %	54 %			24 %	61 %	18 %	34 %	58 %	36 %	36 %	43 %	34 %	18 %	58 %	18 %		57 %	18 %	21 %	33 %	28 %	25 %	34 %	34 %			18 %	25 %
USDA Texture	Clay loam	Clay			Loam	Clay (heavy)	Loam	Clay loam	Clay	Clay loam	Clay loam	Clay	Clay loam	Loam	Clay	Loam		Clay	Loam	Loam	Clay loam	Clay loam	Sandy clay loam	Clay loam	Clay loam			Loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.33 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³			1.38 g/cm³	1.2 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³		1.21 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³			1.44 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.52 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³			1.4 g/cm³	1.32 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³		1.42 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	0.18 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³			1.45 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.38 %	0.58 %			0.43 %	0.66 %	0.4 %	0.4 %	0.59 %	0.43 %	0.43 %	0.37 %	0.4 %	0.4 %	0.59 %	0.4 %		0.5 %	0.4 %	0.38 %	0.5 %	0.69 %	38.46 %	0.4 %	0.4 %			0.4 %	0.37 %
PH	6.3	6.4			6.6	7.2	6.9	6.4	7.5	6.3	6.3	4.8	6.4	6.9	7.5	6.9		8.1	8.1	7.5	6.9	7.2	5.8	6.4	6.4			6.9	7
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	40 cmol kg⁻¹	33 cmol kg⁻¹			41 cmol kg⁻¹	51 cmol kg⁻¹	56 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	70 cmol kg⁻¹	47 cmol kg⁻¹	47 cmol kg⁻¹	26 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	56 cmol kg⁻¹	70 cmol kg⁻¹	56 cmol kg⁻¹		77 cmol kg⁻¹	84 cmol kg⁻¹	61 cmol kg⁻¹	62 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹	49 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹			56 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	15 cmol kg⁻¹	19 cmol kg⁻¹			12 cmol kg⁻¹	30 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹		46 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	88 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹			11 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	93 %	82 %			92 %	97 %	89 %	90 %	100 %	89 %	89 %	57 %	90 %	89 %	100 %	89 %		100 %	100 %	96 %	90 %	88 %	96 %	90 %	90 %			89 %	93 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	12.3 cmol kg⁻¹	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹			11 cmol kg⁻¹	26.6 cmol kg⁻¹	10.3 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	44.2 cmol kg⁻¹	15.2 cmol kg⁻¹	15.2 cmol kg⁻¹	11.4 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	10.3 cmol kg⁻¹	44.2 cmol kg⁻¹	10.3 cmol kg⁻¹		54 cmol kg⁻¹	20.7 cmol kg⁻¹	15.2 cmol kg⁻¹	22.3 cmol kg⁻¹	10.7 cmol kg⁻¹	81.8 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹			10.3 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0.1 %			0 %	4.7 %	0 %	0 %	0.8 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.8 %	0 %		8.2 %	12.2 %	2.5 %	2.2 %	4 %	0 %	0 %	0 %			0 %	0.1 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %			0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %		0.5 %	0.2 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %			0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	1 %	1 %			1 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	4 %	4 %	7 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	2 %		3 %	3 %	3 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %			2 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1			0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1		0.5 dS m-1	0.5 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1			0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263