World Species : Protected Area : KARLA - MAVROVOUNI - KEFALOVRYSO VELESTINOU

KARLA - MAVROVOUNI - KEFALOVRYSO VELESTINOU - NEOCHORI

Location:	Greece
Area:	107,331 acres (43,436 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Csa (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: summer dry; Temperature: hot summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A							B						C

Share	30 %	20 %	15 %	15 %	10 %	5 %	5 %	30 %	20 %	15 %	10 %	10 %	5 %	30 %	20 %	20 %	10 %	10 %	10 %
Soil Type	Vertic Cambisols	Eutric Vertisols	Haplic Luvisols	Calcaric Fluvisols	Calcic Kastanozems	Eutric Planosols	Haplic Solonchaks	Lithic Leptosols	Calcaric Regosols	Chromic Cambisols	Calcic Kastanozems	Chromic Luvisols	Chromic Luvisols	Chromic Luvisols	Eutric Cambisols	Eutric Regosols	Chromic Luvisols	Lithic Leptosols	Haplic Acrisols
Topsoil Texture	Fine	Fine	Medium	Medium	Fine	Medium	Fine	Fine	Fine	Fine	Fine	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Coarse	Medium	Medium
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Moderately well	Poor	Moderately well	Poor	Moderately well	Poor	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Moderately well
Available Water Capacity	150 m	125 m	150 m	150 m	50 m	150 m	150 m	15 mm	15 m	15 m	15 m	100 m	100 m	50 m	50 m	15 m	50 m	15 mm	50 m
Phase 1			Sodic		Petrocalcic		Sodic		Lithic	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony	Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly		Gravelly
Phase 2									Stony	Lithic	Lithic					Lithic
Root Obstacle	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm		40 - 60 cm	40 - 60 cm	40 - 60 cm	40 - 60 cm	40 - 60 cm	60 - 80 cm	60 - 80 cm	40 - 60 cm	60 - 80 cm		60 - 80 cm
Impermeable Layer	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm		None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm		None to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Misc. Property	Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)	Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	2 %	4 %	4 %	15 %	4 %	4 %	4 %	17 %	48 %	2 %	4 %	12 %	12 %	12 %	9 %	25 %	4 %	21 %	10 %
Sand	20 %	19 %	41 %	34 %	16 %	42 %	19 %	28 %	22 %	21 %	16 %	48 %	48 %	48 %	42 %	47 %	80 %	42 %	52 %
Silt	29 %	25 %	37 %	48 %	33 %	38 %	29 %	25 %	36 %	29 %	33 %	28 %	28 %	28 %	36 %	34 %	9 %	34 %	24 %
Clay	51 %	56 %	22 %	18 %	51 %	20 %	52 %	47 %	42 %	50 %	51 %	24 %	24 %	24 %	22 %	19 %	11 %	24 %	24 %
USDA Texture	Clay	Clay	Loam	Loam	Clay	Loam	Clay	Clay	Clay	Clay	Clay	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Sandy loam	Loam	Sandy clay loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.23 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.57 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.43 g/cm³	1.56 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.15 g/cm³	1.47 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.28 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.15 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.96 %	1.05 %	0.74 %	0.6 %	1.6 %	1.06 %	0.54 %	2.3 %	1.83 %	1.43 %	1.6 %	0.83 %	0.83 %	0.83 %	1 %	0.98 %	0.45 %	1.61 %	1 %
PH	7.3	6.9	6.5	8	7.9	5.6	8.9	7.5	7.6	6.8	7.9	6.3	6.3	6.3	6.6	6.4	6.4	7.5	4.9
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	54 cmol kg⁻¹	70 cmol kg⁻¹	47 cmol kg⁻¹	68 cmol kg⁻¹	79 cmol kg⁻¹	37 cmol kg⁻¹	48 cmol kg⁻¹	33 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	79 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	36 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	36 cmol kg⁻¹	43 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	37 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	35 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	37 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	94 %	100 %	91 %	100 %	94 %	67 %	100 %	100 %	62 %	94 %	94 %	88 %	88 %	88 %	93 %	78 %	79 %	100 %	47 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	27.4 cmol kg⁻¹	40.9 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	19.8 cmol kg⁻¹	43.5 cmol kg⁻¹	8.4 cmol kg⁻¹	46.5 cmol kg⁻¹	37.6 cmol kg⁻¹	12.9 cmol kg⁻¹	22.9 cmol kg⁻¹	43.5 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	5.1 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	3.2 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0.3 %	0.2 %	0 %	11.7 %	8.1 %	0 %	3 %	1.4 %	3 %	0.2 %	8.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	3.9 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.2 %	0 %	0 %	0.4 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	1 %	1 %	1 %	3 %	2 %	3 %	43 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	3 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.7 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	5.9 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	4 %	5 %	3 %	10 %	6 %	4 %	6 %		33 %	4 %	6 %	8 %	8 %	8 %	12 %	28 %	5 %		10 %
Sand	18 %	18 %	37 %	36 %	20 %	33 %	33 %		21 %	21 %	20 %	41 %	41 %	41 %	41 %	51 %	72 %		43 %
Silt	29 %	24 %	34 %	46 %	36 %	31 %	28 %		36 %	28 %	36 %	25 %	25 %	25 %	34 %	31 %	9 %		21 %
Clay	53 %	58 %	29 %	18 %	44 %	36 %	39 %		43 %	51 %	44 %	34 %	34 %	34 %	25 %	18 %	19 %		36 %
USDA Texture	Clay	Clay	Clay loam	Loam	Clay	Clay loam	Clay		Clay	Clay	Clay	Clay loam	Clay loam	Clay loam	Loam	Loam	Sandy loam		Clay loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.22 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.29 g/cm³		1.25 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.48 g/cm³		1.32 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.46 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³		1.35 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.52 g/cm³		1.4 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.43 %	0.59 %	0.36 %	0.4 %	0.6 %	0.43 %	0.38 %		0.5 %	0.58 %	0.6 %	0.4 %	0.4 %	0.4 %	0.37 %	0.4 %	0.26 %		0.43 %
PH	7.7	7.5	6.7	8.1	8.2	6.3	9		7.8	7.2	8.2	6.4	6.4	6.4	7	6.9	6.6		4.9
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	61 cmol kg⁻¹	70 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	84 cmol kg⁻¹	77 cmol kg⁻¹	47 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹		39 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	77 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	56 cmol kg⁻¹	36 cmol kg⁻¹		12 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	35 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹		20 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹		6 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	99 %	100 %	93 %	100 %	100 %	89 %	100 %		55 %	96 %	100 %	90 %	90 %	90 %	93 %	89 %	79 %		32 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	34.3 cmol kg⁻¹	44.2 cmol kg⁻¹	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹	20.7 cmol kg⁻¹	47.4 cmol kg⁻¹	15.2 cmol kg⁻¹	55.3 cmol kg⁻¹		11.6 cmol kg⁻¹	19.5 cmol kg⁻¹	47.4 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹	10.3 cmol kg⁻¹	6.3 cmol kg⁻¹		2.2 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	4 %	0.8 %	0 %	12.2 %	15.2 %	0 %	3 %		3 %	0.4 %	15.2 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %		0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.2 %	0 %	0 %	0.5 %		0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %		0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %	2 %	1 %	3 %	3 %	4 %	42 %		3 %	1 %	3 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	2 %		2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.5 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	14.8 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263