Animalia > Chordata > Aves > Passeriformes > Alaudidae > Eremophila > Eremophila alpestris

Eremophila alpestris (Horned Lark)

Synonyms: Alauda alpestris (homotypic); Chionophilos alpestris; Eremophila alpestris flana; Eromophila alpestris; Otocoris alpestris
Language: French; Spanish

Wikipedia Abstract

The horned lark (Eremophila alpestris), called the shore lark in Europe, is a species of bird in the genus Eremophila. The current genus name is from Ancient Greek eremos, "desert", and phileo, "to love". The specific alpestris is Latin and means "of the high mountains", from Alpes, the Alps.
View Wikipedia Record: Eremophila alpestris

Infraspecies

Eremophila alpestris actia (California horned lark)
Eremophila alpestris adusta
Eremophila alpestris albigula
Eremophila alpestris alpestris
Eremophila alpestris alpina
Eremophila alpestris ammophila
Eremophila alpestris aphrasta
Eremophila alpestris arcticola
Eremophila alpestris argalea
Eremophila alpestris atlas
Eremophila alpestris balcanica
Eremophila alpestris bicornis
Eremophila alpestris brandti
Eremophila alpestris chrysolaema
Eremophila alpestris diaphora
Eremophila alpestris elwesi
Eremophila alpestris enertera
Eremophila alpestris enthymia
Eremophila alpestris flava
Eremophila alpestris giraudi
Eremophila alpestris hoyti
Eremophila alpestris insularis
Eremophila alpestris khamensis
Eremophila alpestris kumerloevei
Eremophila alpestris lactea
Eremophila alpestris lamprochroma
Eremophila alpestris leucansiptila
Eremophila alpestris leucolaema
Eremophila alpestris longirostris
Eremophila alpestris merrilli
Eremophila alpestris nigrifrons
Eremophila alpestris oaxacae
Eremophila alpestris occidentalis
Eremophila alpestris penicillata
Eremophila alpestris peregrina
Eremophila alpestris praticola
Eremophila alpestris przewalskii
Eremophila alpestris rubea
Eremophila alpestris sierrae
Eremophila alpestris strigata (streaked horned lark)
Eremophila alpestris teleschowi
Eremophila alpestris utahensis
Eremophila alpestris var. alpestris
Eremophila alpestris var. bei

EDGE Analysis

Uniqueness Scale: Similiar (0) 
3
 Unique (100)
Uniqueness & Vulnerability Scale: Similiar & Secure (0) 
21
 Unique & Vulnerable (100)
ED Score: 7.24633
EDGE Score: 2.10977
Learn more at EDGE of Existence programme

Attributes

Adult Weight [1]  37 grams
Birth Weight [3]  3 grams
Female Weight [5]  33 grams
Male Weight [5]  37 grams
Weight Dimorphism [5]  12.1 %
Breeding Habitat [2]  Temperate grasslands, Arctic tundra, Alpine tundra, Agricultural
Wintering Geography [2]  Widespread U.S./Mexico
Wintering Habitat [2]  Temperate grasslands, Desert scrub, Beaches and estuaries, Agricultural
Diet [4]  Carnivore (Invertebrates), Granivore
Diet - Invertibrates [4]  50 %
Diet - Seeds [4]  50 %
Forages - Ground [4]  100 %
Clutch Size [6]  3
Clutches / Year [3]  2
Fledging [5]  18 days
Global Population (2017 est.) [2]  140,000,000
Incubation [3]  11 days
Maximum Longevity [3]  8 years
Wing Span [7]  13 inches (.32 m)
Female Maturity [3]  1 year
Male Maturity [3]  1 year

Ecoregions

Protected Areas

+ Click for partial list (100)Full list (301)

Ecosystems

Biodiversity Hotspots

Prey / Diet

Halimione portulacoides (sea purslane)[8]
Limonium vulgare (Mediterranean sealavender)[8]
Picoa lefebvrei[9]
Suaeda maritima richii (herbaceous seepweed)[8]

Prey / Diet Overlap

Predators

Falco mexicanus (Prairie Falcon)[10]

Consumers

Range Map

External References

NatureServe Explorer

Citations

Attributes / relations provided by
♦ 1Storchová, Lenka; Hořák, David (2018), Data from: Life-history characteristics of European birds, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n6k3n
♦ 2Partners in Flight Avian Conservation Assessment Database, version 2017. Accessed on January 2018.
♦ 3de Magalhaes, J. P., and Costa, J. (2009) A database of vertebrate longevity records and their relation to other life-history traits. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22(8):1770-1774
♦ 4Hamish Wilman, Jonathan Belmaker, Jennifer Simpson, Carolina de la Rosa, Marcelo M. Rivadeneira, and Walter Jetz. 2014. EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology 95:2027
♦ 5Nathan P. Myhrvold, Elita Baldridge, Benjamin Chan, Dhileep Sivam, Daniel L. Freeman, and S. K. Morgan Ernest. 2015. An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles. Ecology 96:3109
♦ 6Jetz W, Sekercioglu CH, Böhning-Gaese K (2008) The Worldwide Variation in Avian Clutch Size across Species and Space PLoS Biol 6(12): e303. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060303
♦ 7British Trust for Ornithology
♦ 8J. Dierschke (2002) Food preferences of Shorelarks Eremophila alpestris, Snow Buntings Plectrophenax nivalis and Twites Carduelis flavirostris wintering in the Wadden Sea: Seeds of plants from lower salt marsh communities are preferred, with insects less important., Bird Study, 49:3, 263-269
♦ 9MORE ON MYCOPHAGOUS BIRDS, J. A. Simpson, Australasian Mycologist 19 (2) 2000: research paper, p. 49-51
♦ 10Prairie falcon prey in the Mojave Desert, California, DA Boyce, Raptor Research 19 (4):128-134 (1985)
♦ 11Gibson, D. I., Bray, R. A., & Harris, E. A. (Compilers) (2005). Host-Parasite Database of the Natural History Museum, London
♦ 12International Flea Database
Ecoregions provided by World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF). WildFinder: Online database of species distributions, ver. 01.06 Wildfinder Database
Biodiversity Hotspots provided by Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund
Abstract provided by DBpedia licensed under a Creative Commons License
Species taxanomy provided by GBIF Secretariat (2022). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2023-06-13; License: CC BY 4.0