Mount Everest (Sagarmatha) National Park

Location:Nepal
IUCN Category:II
Area:275,416 acres (111,457 hectares)
Species:All  Endangered  Invasive
Website:View website
Climate:View Climate Data
Land Use:View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:ET (Climate: polar; Temperature: polar tundra)

Ecoregions

Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows
Eastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests

Soils

Protected Area Boundary
 AB
   
Share25 %25 %25 % 
Soil TypeLithosolsRankersHumic CambisolsGelic Leptosols
Topsoil TextureMediumMediumMediumMedium
Reference Depth10 cm30 cm100 cm30 cm
DrainageImperfectlyImperfectlyImperfectlyImperfectly
Available Water Capacity15 mm50 mm50 m50 mm
Phase 1 LithicLithic 
Misc. Property   Gelic (permafrost within 200 cm)
Topsoil Properties
Gravel26 %10 %8 %13 %
Sand43 %48 %41 %56 %
Silt34 %31 %36 %38 %
Clay23 %21 %23 %6 %
USDA TextureLoamLoamLoamSandy loam
Reference Bulk Density1.39 g/cm³1.42 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³1.61 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.3 g/cm³1.45 g/cm³1.1 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³
Organic Carbon1.4 %1.43 %2.72 %1.41 %
PH7.65.15.25.7
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity42 cmol kg⁻¹18 cmol kg⁻¹54 cmol kg⁻¹31 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity15 cmol kg⁻¹9 cmol kg⁻¹21 cmol kg⁻¹13 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation100 %47 %24 %71 %
Total Exchangeable Bases15.6 cmol kg⁻¹3.7 cmol kg⁻¹5 cmol kg⁻¹8.6 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate3.9 %0 %0 %0 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium4 %2 %1 %0 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel  8 % 
Sand  44 % 
Silt  32 % 
Clay  24 % 
USDA Texture  Loam 
Reference Bulk Density  1.39 g/cm³ 
Bulk Density  1.16 g/cm³ 
Organic Carbon  1.03 % 
PH  5.2 
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity  38 cmol kg⁻¹ 
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity  15 cmol kg⁻¹ 
Base Saturation  30 % 
Total Exchangeable Bases  2.5 cmol kg⁻¹ 
Calcium Carbonate  0 % 
Calcium Sulphate  0 % 
Exchangeable Sodium  2 % 
Electrical Conductivity  0.1 dS m-1 
Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263