World Species : Protected Area : Hortobágy National Park

Hortobágy National Park

Location:	Hungary
IUCN Category:	II
Area:	140,004 acres (56,657 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Cfb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)

Ecoregions

Pannonian mixed forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A			B			C

Share	70 %	15 %	15 %	40 %	40 %	20 %	35 %	35 %	15 %	10 %	5 %
Soil Type	Gleyic Phaeozems	Mollic Solonetz	Haplic Solonetz	Gleyic Phaeozems	Eutric Vertisols	Mollic Solonetz	Mollic Solonetz	Haplic Solonetz	Eutric Vertisols	Haplic Phaeozems	Haplic Solonchaks
Topsoil Texture	Fine	Fine	Fine	Fine	Fine	Fine	Fine	Fine	Fine	Fine	Fine
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Poor	Moderately well	Moderately well	Poor	Poor	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Poor	Moderately well	Moderately well
Available Water Capacity	150 m	100 m	150 m	150 m	125 m	50 m	100 m	50 m	125 m	150 m	150 m
Phase 1		Sodic				Saline	Saline	Saline	Saline
Phase 2							Sodic	Sodic
Root Obstacle	None to 80 cm	40 - 60 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	20 - 40 cm	40 - 60 cm	20 - 40 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm
Impermeable Layer	None to 150 cm	40 - 80 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	0 - 40 cm	40 - 80 cm	0 - 40 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month
Misc. Property					Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)				Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	2 %	4 %	4 %	2 %	4 %	4 %	4 %	4 %	4 %	1 %	4 %
Sand	10 %	17 %	20 %	10 %	19 %	17 %	17 %	20 %	19 %	19 %	19 %
Silt	43 %	43 %	37 %	43 %	25 %	43 %	43 %	37 %	25 %	34 %	29 %
Clay	47 %	40 %	43 %	47 %	56 %	40 %	40 %	43 %	56 %	47 %	52 %
USDA Texture	Silty clay	Silty clay	Clay	Silty clay	Clay	Silty clay	Silty clay	Clay	Clay	Clay	Clay
Reference Bulk Density	1.22 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.27 g/cm³	1.2 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³	1.56 g/cm³	1.2 g/cm³	1.2 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.56 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	2.94 %	1.2 %	1.07 %	2.94 %	1.05 %	1.2 %	1.2 %	1.07 %	1.05 %	1.81 %	0.54 %
PH	6.3	8.2	8.3	6.3	6.9	8.2	8.2	8.3	6.9	6.5	8.9
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	58 cmol kg⁻¹	69 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	58 cmol kg⁻¹	70 cmol kg⁻¹	69 cmol kg⁻¹	69 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	70 cmol kg⁻¹	62 cmol kg⁻¹	48 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	37 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	25 cmol kg⁻¹	37 cmol kg⁻¹	43 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	25 cmol kg⁻¹	43 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	68 %	100 %	98 %	68 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	98 %	100 %	90 %	100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	27 cmol kg⁻¹	30.6 cmol kg⁻¹	28.2 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	40.9 cmol kg⁻¹	30.6 cmol kg⁻¹	30.6 cmol kg⁻¹	28.2 cmol kg⁻¹	40.9 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	46.5 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	3 %	2.7 %	0 %	0.2 %	3 %	3 %	2.7 %	0.2 %	0.1 %	3 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.4 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %	14 %	13 %	2 %	1 %	14 %	14 %	13 %	1 %	1 %	43 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	1.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	1.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	5.9 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	4 %	6 %	6 %	4 %	5 %	6 %	6 %	6 %	5 %	4 %	6 %
Sand	27 %	16 %	23 %	27 %	18 %	16 %	16 %	23 %	18 %	24 %	33 %
Silt	40 %	51 %	36 %	40 %	24 %	51 %	51 %	36 %	24 %	32 %	28 %
Clay	33 %	33 %	41 %	33 %	58 %	33 %	33 %	41 %	58 %	44 %	39 %
USDA Texture	Clay loam	Silty clay loam	Clay	Clay loam	Clay	Silty clay loam	Silty clay loam	Clay	Clay	Clay	Clay
Reference Bulk Density	1.31 g/cm³	1.29 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.29 g/cm³	1.29 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.29 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.37 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.29 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.29 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.38 %	0.37 %	0.4 %	0.38 %	0.59 %	0.37 %	0.37 %	0.4 %	0.59 %	0.83 %	0.38 %
PH	7.1	9.2	8.5	7.1	7.5	9.2	9.2	8.5	7.5	7.2	9
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	53 cmol kg⁻¹	56 cmol kg⁻¹	56 cmol kg⁻¹	53 cmol kg⁻¹	70 cmol kg⁻¹	56 cmol kg⁻¹	56 cmol kg⁻¹	56 cmol kg⁻¹	70 cmol kg⁻¹	65 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	22 cmol kg⁻¹	37 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	22 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	37 cmol kg⁻¹	37 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	90 %	100 %	100 %	90 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	97 %	100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	29.5 cmol kg⁻¹	39.6 cmol kg⁻¹	37.8 cmol kg⁻¹	29.5 cmol kg⁻¹	44.2 cmol kg⁻¹	39.6 cmol kg⁻¹	39.6 cmol kg⁻¹	37.8 cmol kg⁻¹	44.2 cmol kg⁻¹	28.7 cmol kg⁻¹	55.3 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	1.1 %	3 %	9 %	1.1 %	0.8 %	3 %	3 %	9 %	0.8 %	0.5 %	3 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.5 %
Exchangeable Sodium	1 %	37 %	21 %	1 %	2 %	37 %	37 %	21 %	2 %	1 %	42 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	2.6 dS m-1	3.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	2.6 dS m-1	2.6 dS m-1	3.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	14.8 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263