Animalia > Chordata > Aves > Passeriformes > Icteridae > Icterus > Icterus galbula

Icterus galbula (Northern Oriole; Baltimore Oriole)

Synonyms: Coracias galbula (homotypic); Icterus galbula galbula
Language: French; Spanish

Wikipedia Abstract

The Baltimore oriole (Icterus galbula) is a small icterid blackbird common in eastern North America as a migratory breeding bird. It received its name from the resemblance of the male's colors to those on the coat-of-arms of Lord Baltimore. Observations of interbreeding between the Baltimore oriole and the western Bullock's oriole, Icterus bullockii, led to both being classified as a single species, called the northern oriole, from 1973-1995. Research by James Rising, a professor of zoology at the University of Toronto, and others showed that the two birds actually did not interbreed significantly.
View Wikipedia Record: Icterus galbula

EDGE Analysis

Uniqueness Scale: Similiar (0) 
0
 Unique (100)
Uniqueness & Vulnerability Scale: Similiar & Secure (0) 
5
 Unique & Vulnerable (100)
ED Score: 2.07752
EDGE Score: 1.12412
Learn more at EDGE of Existence programme

Attributes

Adult Weight [1]  34 grams
Birth Weight [3]  2 grams
Breeding Habitat [2]  Temperate eastern forests
Wintering Geography [2]  Widespread Neotropical
Wintering Habitat [2]  Tropical evergreen forests, Tropical dry forests
Diet [4]  Carnivore (Invertebrates), Frugivore, Nectarivore
Diet - Fruit [4]  20 %
Diet - Invertibrates [4]  60 %
Diet - Nectar [4]  20 %
Forages - Canopy [4]  40 %
Forages - Mid-High [4]  20 %
Forages - Understory [4]  10 %
Forages - Ground [4]  30 %
Clutch Size [5]  5
Clutches / Year [3]  1
Fledging [1]  13 days
Global Population (2017 est.) [2]  12,000,000
Incubation [3]  13 days
Mating System [7]  Monogamy
Maximum Longevity [3]  14 years
Migration [6]  Intercontinental
Female Maturity [1]  1 year

Ecoregions

Protected Areas

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Biodiversity Hotspots

Emblem of

Maryland

Prey / Diet

Ficus aurea (Florida strangler fig)[8]
Ficus cotinifolia[8]
Ficus reflexa reflexa[8]
Malacosoma disstria (forest tent caterpillars)[6]

Prey / Diet Overlap

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Consumers

Parasitized by 
Cardiofilaria pavlovskyi[9]

Range Map

External References

NatureServe Explorer

Audio

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Provided by eNature via Myxer Author: Lang Elliot

Citations

Attributes / relations provided by
♦ 1Nathan P. Myhrvold, Elita Baldridge, Benjamin Chan, Dhileep Sivam, Daniel L. Freeman, and S. K. Morgan Ernest. 2015. An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles. Ecology 96:3109
♦ 2Partners in Flight Avian Conservation Assessment Database, version 2017. Accessed on January 2018.
♦ 3de Magalhaes, J. P., and Costa, J. (2009) A database of vertebrate longevity records and their relation to other life-history traits. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22(8):1770-1774
♦ 4Hamish Wilman, Jonathan Belmaker, Jennifer Simpson, Carolina de la Rosa, Marcelo M. Rivadeneira, and Walter Jetz. 2014. EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology 95:2027
♦ 5Jetz W, Sekercioglu CH, Böhning-Gaese K (2008) The Worldwide Variation in Avian Clutch Size across Species and Space PLoS Biol 6(12): e303. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060303
♦ 6Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. 2006. The Animal Diversity Web (online). Accessed February 01, 2010 at animaldiversity.org
♦ 7Terje Lislevand, Jordi Figuerola, and Tamás Székely. 2007. Avian body sizes in relation to fecundity, mating system, display behavior, and resource sharing. Ecology 88:1605
♦ 8"Fig-eating by vertebrate frugivores: a global review", MIKE SHANAHAN, SAMSON SO, STEPHEN G. COMPTON and RICHARD CORLETT, Biol. Rev. (2001), 76, pp. 529–572
♦ 9Gibson, D. I., Bray, R. A., & Harris, E. A. (Compilers) (2005). Host-Parasite Database of the Natural History Museum, London
Ecoregions provided by World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF). WildFinder: Online database of species distributions, ver. 01.06 Wildfinder Database
Biodiversity Hotspots provided by Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund
Abstract provided by DBpedia licensed under a Creative Commons License
Audio software provided by SoundManager 2
Species taxanomy provided by GBIF Secretariat (2022). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2023-06-13; License: CC BY 4.0