World Species : Protected Area : Montes Azules

Montes Azules

Location:	Chiapas, Mexico
IUCN Category:	VI
Area:	814,711 acres (329,702 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Aw (Climate: equatorial; Precipitation: winter dry)

Ecoregions

Chiapas montane forests
Petén-Veracruz moist forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A					B		C		D

Share	40 %	25 %	15 %	10 %	10 %	80 %	20 %	60 %	40 %	60 %	40 %
Soil Type	Lithic Leptosols	Rendzic Leptosols	Haplic Nitisols	Rendzic Leptosols	Lithic Leptosols	Haplic Nitisols	Rendzic Leptosols	Haplic Nitisols	Lithic Leptosols	Lithic Leptosols	Haplic Luvisols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Medium	Fine	Medium	Medium	Fine	Medium	Fine	Medium	Medium	Medium
Reference Depth	10 cm	30 cm	100 cm	30 cm	10 cm	100 cm	30 cm	100 cm	10 cm	10 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Moderately well
Available Water Capacity	15 mm	50 mm	150 m	50 mm	15 mm	150 m	50 mm	150 m	15 mm	15 mm	150 m
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	28 %	10 %	4 %	10 %	28 %	4 %	10 %	4 %	28 %	28 %	8 %
Sand	50 %	42 %	27 %	42 %	50 %	27 %	42 %	27 %	50 %	50 %	60 %
Silt	26 %	24 %	20 %	24 %	26 %	20 %	24 %	20 %	26 %	26 %	24 %
Clay	24 %	34 %	53 %	34 %	24 %	53 %	34 %	53 %	24 %	24 %	16 %
USDA Texture	Sandy clay loam	Clay loam	Clay	Clay loam	Sandy clay loam	Clay	Clay loam	Clay	Sandy clay loam	Sandy clay loam	Sandy loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.39 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.47 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.09 g/cm³	1.2 g/cm³	1.1 g/cm³	1.2 g/cm³	1.09 g/cm³	1.1 g/cm³	1.2 g/cm³	1.1 g/cm³	1.09 g/cm³	1.09 g/cm³	1.47 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	14 %	7.6 %	2.6 %	7.6 %	14 %	2.6 %	7.6 %	2.6 %	14 %	14 %	0.52 %
PH	7.7	7.5	7.3	7.5	7.7	7.3	7.5	7.3	7.7	7.7	6
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity		23 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹		16 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹			60 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	44 cmol kg⁻¹	35 cmol kg⁻¹	18 cmol kg⁻¹	35 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹	18 cmol kg⁻¹	35 cmol kg⁻¹	18 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	100 %	100 %	80 %	100 %	100 %	80 %	100 %	80 %	100 %	100 %	88 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	44 cmol kg⁻¹	35 cmol kg⁻¹	14.4 cmol kg⁻¹	35 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹	14.4 cmol kg⁻¹	35 cmol kg⁻¹	14.4 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹	10.6 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	3.9 %	15.9 %	1.4 %	15.9 %	3.9 %	1.4 %	15.9 %	1.4 %	3.9 %	3.9 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	4 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	4 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	4 %	4 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.4 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel			4 %			4 %		4 %			17 %
Sand			24 %			24 %		24 %			73 %
Silt			19 %			19 %		19 %			16 %
Clay			57 %			57 %		57 %			11 %
USDA Texture			Clay			Clay		Clay			Sandy loam
Reference Bulk Density			1.22 g/cm³			1.22 g/cm³		1.22 g/cm³			1.55 g/cm³
Bulk Density			1.1 g/cm³			1.1 g/cm³		1.1 g/cm³			1.51 g/cm³
Organic Carbon			0.44 %			0.44 %		0.44 %			0.2 %
PH			6.7			6.7		6.7			6.3
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity			19 cmol kg⁻¹			19 cmol kg⁻¹		19 cmol kg⁻¹			93 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity			13 cmol kg⁻¹			13 cmol kg⁻¹		13 cmol kg⁻¹			9 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation			80 %			80 %		80 %			93 %
Total Exchangeable Bases			10.4 cmol kg⁻¹			10.4 cmol kg⁻¹		10.4 cmol kg⁻¹			8.4 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate			0.3 %			0.3 %		0.3 %			0 %
Calcium Sulphate			0.1 %			0.1 %		0.1 %			0 %
Exchangeable Sodium			1 %			1 %		1 %			2 %
Electrical Conductivity			0.1 dS m-1			0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1			0 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263