Animalia > Chordata > Aves > Passeriformes > Fringillidae > Pinicola > Pinicola enucleator

Pinicola enucleator (Pine Grosbeak)

Synonyms: Loxia enucleator (homotypic)
Language: French

Wikipedia Abstract

The pine grosbeak (Pinicola enucleator) is a large member of the true finch family, Fringillidae. It is found in coniferous woods across Alaska, the western mountains of the United States, Canada, and in subarctic Fennoscandia and Siberia. The species is a frugivore, especially in winter, favoring small fruits, such as rowans (mountain-ashes in the New World). With fruit-crop abundance varying from year to year, pine grosbeak is one of many subarctic-resident bird species that exhibit irruptive behavior. In irruption years, individuals can move long distances in search of suitable food supplies, bringing them farther south and/or downslope than is typical of years with large fruit crops. In such years in the New World, they may occur well south of the typical extent of winter distribution,
View Wikipedia Record: Pinicola enucleator

Infraspecies

Pinicola enucleator alascensis
Pinicola enucleator californica
Pinicola enucleator carlottae
Pinicola enucleator enucleator
Pinicola enucleator eschatosa
Pinicola enucleator flammula
Pinicola enucleator kamtschatkensis
Pinicola enucleator leucura
Pinicola enucleator montana
Pinicola enucleator pacata
Pinicola enucleator sakhalinensis

EDGE Analysis

Uniqueness Scale: Similiar (0) 
3
 Unique (100)
Uniqueness & Vulnerability Scale: Similiar & Secure (0) 
22
 Unique & Vulnerable (100)
ED Score: 7.8024
EDGE Score: 2.17502
Learn more at EDGE of Existence programme

Attributes

Adult Weight [1]  54 grams
Birth Weight [1]  4.3 grams
Breeding Habitat [2]  Boreal forests
Wintering Geography [2]  Non-migrartory
Wintering Habitat [2]  Boreal forests
Diet [3]  Carnivore (Invertebrates), Frugivore, Granivore, Herbivore
Diet - Fruit [3]  20 %
Diet - Invertibrates [3]  20 %
Diet - Plants [3]  30 %
Diet - Seeds [3]  30 %
Forages - Canopy [3]  20 %
Forages - Mid-High [3]  80 %
Clutch Size [6]  4
Clutches / Year [4]  1
Egg Length [4]  1.024 inches (26 mm)
Egg Width [4]  0.709 inches (18 mm)
Fledging [4]  20 days
Global Population (2017 est.) [2]  8,900,000
Incubation [5]  13 days
Maximum Longevity [5]  10 years
Female Maturity [5]  1 year
Male Maturity [5]  1 year

Ecoregions

Protected Areas

+ Click for partial list (100)Full list (144)

Ecosystems

Important Bird Areas

Biodiversity Hotspots

Name Location Endemic Species Website
California Floristic Province Mexico, United States No

Prey / Diet

Prey / Diet Overlap

Predators

Accipiter striatus (Sharp-shinned Hawk)[8]
Falco columbarius (Merlin)[8]
Megascops asio (Eastern Screech-Owl)[7]

Consumers

Parasitized by 
Similuncinus pavlovskyi <Unverified Name>[9]

Range Map

External References

NatureServe Explorer

Citations

Attributes / relations provided by
♦ 1Storchová, Lenka; Hořák, David (2018), Data from: Life-history characteristics of European birds, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n6k3n
♦ 2Partners in Flight Avian Conservation Assessment Database, version 2017. Accessed on January 2018.
♦ 3Hamish Wilman, Jonathan Belmaker, Jennifer Simpson, Carolina de la Rosa, Marcelo M. Rivadeneira, and Walter Jetz. 2014. EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology 95:2027
♦ 4Nathan P. Myhrvold, Elita Baldridge, Benjamin Chan, Dhileep Sivam, Daniel L. Freeman, and S. K. Morgan Ernest. 2015. An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles. Ecology 96:3109
♦ 5de Magalhaes, J. P., and Costa, J. (2009) A database of vertebrate longevity records and their relation to other life-history traits. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22(8):1770-1774
♦ 6Jetz W, Sekercioglu CH, Böhning-Gaese K (2008) The Worldwide Variation in Avian Clutch Size across Species and Space PLoS Biol 6(12): e303. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060303
♦ 7Jorrit H. Poelen, James D. Simons and Chris J. Mungall. (2014). Global Biotic Interactions: An open infrastructure to share and analyze species-interaction datasets. Ecological Informatics.
♦ 8Making The Forest And Tundra Wildlife Connection
♦ 9Gibson, D. I., Bray, R. A., & Harris, E. A. (Compilers) (2005). Host-Parasite Database of the Natural History Museum, London
Ecoregions provided by World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF). WildFinder: Online database of species distributions, ver. 01.06 Wildfinder Database
Biodiversity Hotspots provided by Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund
Abstract provided by DBpedia licensed under a Creative Commons License
Species taxanomy provided by GBIF Secretariat (2022). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2023-06-13; License: CC BY 4.0