Animalia > Chordata > Aves > Galliformes > Phasianidae > Tetrao > Tetrao urogallusTetrao urogallus (Western Capercaillie)The western capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus), also known as the wood grouse, heather cock, or just capercaillie /ˌkæpərˈkeɪli/, is the largest member of the grouse family. The largest known specimen, recorded in captivity, had a weight of 7.2 kg (16 lb). The species shows extreme sexual dimorphism, with the male twice the size of the female. Found across Eurasia, this spectacular ground-living forest bird is renowned for its mating display. The worldwide population is categorised as "Least concern" by the IUCN. |
Uniqueness Scale: Similiar (0) Unique (100) Uniqueness & Vulnerability Scale: Similiar & Secure (0) Unique & Vulnerable (100) ED Score: 4.34776 EDGE Score: 1.67668 |
| Adult Weight [1] | 6.689 lbs (3.034 kg) | | Birth Weight [2] | 53 grams | | Female Weight [5] | 4.343 lbs (1.97 kg) | | Male Weight [5] | 8.378 lbs (3.80 kg) | | Weight Dimorphism [5] | 92.9 % |  | | Diet [3] | Frugivore, Herbivore | | Diet - Fruit [3] | 10 % | | Diet - Plants [3] | 90 % | | Forages - Ground [3] | 100 % | | | Clutch Size [7] | 7 | | Clutches / Year [8] | 1 | | Fledging [1] | 70 days | | Incubation [6] | 25 days | | Mating Display [2] | Ground display (mostly) | | Mating System [2] | Promiscuity | | Maximum Longevity [4] | 18 years | | Snout to Vent Length [8] | 24 inches (62 cm) | | Wing Span [6] | 3.477 feet (1.06 m) | | | Female Maturity [4] | 3 years | | Male Maturity [4] | 3 years |
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| Name |
Countries |
Ecozone |
Biome |
Species |
Report |
Climate |
Land
Use |
|
Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests |
Greece, Turkey, Macedonia |
Palearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
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 |
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Alps conifer and mixed forests |
Italy, France, Switzerland, Slovenia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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Altai alpine meadow and tundra |
China, Kazakstan, Mongolia, Russia |
Palearctic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
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Altai montane forest and forest steppe |
China, Kazakstan, Mongolia, Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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Balkan mixed forests |
Turkey, Greece, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Baltic mixed forests |
Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Poland |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Bering tundra |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Tundra |
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Caledon conifer forests |
United Kingdom |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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Cantabrian mixed forests |
Spain, Portugal |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Carpathian montane forests |
Czech Republic, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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Central European mixed forests |
Austria, Belarus, Czech Republic, Germany, Lithuania, Moldovia, Poland, Romania, Russia, Ukraine |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Cherskii-Kolyma mountain tundra |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Tundra |
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Da Hinggan-Dzhagdy Mountains conifer forests |
China, Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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Dinaric Mountains mixed forests |
Albania, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Croatia, Italy, Slovenia, Yugoslavia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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East European forest steppe |
Bulgaria, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Ukraine |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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East Siberian taiga |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
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Great Lakes Basin desert steppe |
Mongolia, Russia |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Junggar Basin semi-desert |
China, Kazakstan, Mongolia |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Kamchatka Mountain tundra and forest tundra |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Tundra |
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Kamchatka-Kurile meadows and sparse forests |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
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Kamchatka-Kurile taiga |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
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Kazakh forest steppe |
Russia, Kazakhstan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Kola Peninsula tundra |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Tundra |
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Manchurian mixed forests |
Republic of Korea, Dem. People's Rep of Korea, China, Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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North Atlantic moist mixed forests |
Ireland, United Kingdom |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Northeast Siberian taiga |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
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Northeastern Spain and Southern France Mediterranean forests |
France, Spain |
Palearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
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Northwest Iberian montane forests |
Portugal, Spain |
Palearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
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Okhotsk-Manchurian taiga |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
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Pannonian mixed forests |
Austria, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Pindus Mountains mixed forests |
Albania, Greece |
Palearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
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Pyrenees conifer and mixed forests |
Spain, France, Andorra |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Rodope montane mixed forests |
Bulgaria, Greece, Macedonia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Sakhalin Island taiga |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
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Sarmatic mixed forests |
Belarus, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Russia, Sweden |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Sayan Alpine meadows and tundra |
Mongolia, Russia |
Palearctic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
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Sayan Intermontane steppe |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Sayan montane conifer forests |
Mongolia, Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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Scandinavian and Russian taiga |
Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia |
Palearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
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Scandinavian coastal conifer forests |
Norway |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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Scandinavian Montane Birch forest and grasslands |
Norway, Sweden, Finland |
Palearctic |
Tundra |
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Selenge-Orkhon forest steppe |
Mongolia, Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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South Sakhalin-Kurile mixed forests |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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South Siberian forest steppe |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Trans-Baikal Bald Mountain tundra |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Tundra |
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Trans-Baikal conifer forests |
Russia, Mongolia |
Palearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
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Ural montane forests and tundra |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
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Ussuri broadleaf and mixed forests |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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West Siberian taiga |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
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Western European broadleaf forests |
Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Western Siberian hemiboreal forests |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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|
| Name |
Location |
IBA Criteria |
Website |
Climate |
Land Use |
|
Abernethy Forest |
United Kingdom |
A1, B1i, B2, C1, C3, C6 |
 |
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Agusalu |
Estonia |
C6 |
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Ancares mountains |
Spain |
B2, C6 |
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Areta, Archuba and Zariquieta mountain ranges |
Spain |
A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6 |
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Augustów forest |
Poland |
C6 |
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Babia-Somiedo |
Spain |
A3, B1iii, B2, B3, C2, C6 |
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Belagua-Ansó-Hecho |
Spain |
B1iii, B2, C2, C6 |
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Belluno Dolomites |
Italy |
A1, B2, C1, C6 |
|
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Beskid Zywiecki Mountains |
Poland |
C6 |
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Beskydy mountains |
Czech Republic |
A1, B2, B3, C1, C6 |
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Bicaz gorge and Hăşmaş Mountains |
Romania |
C6 |
|
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Big and Small Akh lakes |
Russia (Central Asian) |
A1, A3 |
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Big Indra lake |
Russia (Central Asian) |
A3 |
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Boumort mountains |
Spain |
B1iii, B2, C2, C6 |
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|
Bystroistokskaya |
Russia (Central Asian) |
A1, A3, A4i |
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Cadí mountains |
Spain |
B1iv, B2, C5, C6 |
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|
Cairngorms |
United Kingdom |
A1, B2, C1, C2, C6 |
|
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|
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Călimani Mountains |
Romania |
C6 |
|
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Carniche Alps |
Italy |
B2, C6 |
|
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Ceahlă Mountains |
Romania |
C6 |
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Central ranges of the Cantabric mountains |
Spain |
B2, C6 |
|
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|
Cerdaña |
Spain |
B2, C6 |
|
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|
|
Ciuc Depression |
Romania |
C1, C6 |
|
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Defileul Superior al Mureşului |
Romania |
C6 |
|
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Degaña-Hermo |
Spain |
C6 |
|
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|
Dikoye and Epanchino lakes |
Russia (Central Asian) |
A1, A3 |
|
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|
|
Dobrostan |
Bulgaria |
A1, A3, B2, B3, C1, C6 |
|
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Dolomites |
Italy |
A3, C6 |
|
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Dresvyanskaya |
Russia (Central Asian) |
A1, A3 |
|
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|
|
East slope of Northern Ural |
Russia (Central Asian) |
A1, A3 |
|
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Färnebofjärden |
Sweden |
A4i, B1i, B2, B3, C2, C6 |
|
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|
Flood-plain of Tuy river |
Russia (Central Asian) |
A1, A3 |
|
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Florarna |
Sweden |
B3, C6 |
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Forêt d'altitude du Jura : forêt du Risoux |
France |
B3, C6 |
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Forêts d'altitude du Jura : forêt du Massacre |
France |
B3, C6 |
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Forêts d'altitude du Jura : forêt du Risol et Mont d'Or |
France |
B3, C6 |
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Frumoasa |
Romania |
C6 |
|
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Gistaín-Cotiella |
Spain |
B2, C6 |
|
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|
|
Gistreo and Coto mountain ranges |
Spain |
B2, B3, C6 |
|
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Giurgeu Depression |
Romania |
C1, C6 |
|
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Glen Tanar |
United Kingdom |
A1, B2, C1, C6 |
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Gorce mountains |
Poland |
C6 |
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Hanveden-Hemfosa |
Sweden |
B2, C6 |
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Haut Giffre |
France |
B2, C6 |
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Haute chaîne du Jura: défilé de l'écluse, Etournel et Mont Vuache |
France |
A4iv, B1iv, B2, C5, C6 |
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Haute Soule : massif de la Pierre-St-Martin. |
France |
B2, C2, C6 |
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Hautes Vallées d'Aspe et d'Ossau |
France |
B1iii, B2, C2, C6 |
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Istochnoye, Sredneye and Schuchiye lakes |
Russia (Central Asian) |
A3 |
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Janów forests |
Poland |
C6 |
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Kikepera |
Estonia |
C6 |
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Kinveachy Forest |
United Kingdom |
A1, B2, C1, C6 |
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Kondinskiye lakes |
Russia (Central Asian) |
A3, A4i |
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Korgonskaya |
Russia (Central Asian) |
A1, A3 |
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Kõrvemaa |
Estonia |
C6 |
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Kurkure mountain |
Russia (Central Asian) |
A3, A4i |
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Kuznetski Alatau |
Russia (Central Asian) |
A1, A3, A4i |
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Lake Ånnsjön-Storlien |
Sweden |
A1, A3, A4i, B1i, B2, B3, C1, C2, C6 |
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Lemmenjoki-Hammastunturi-Pulju |
Finland |
A3, A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, B3, C2, C3, C4, C6 |
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Loch Lomond |
United Kingdom |
C6 |
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Lower Silesia Forests |
Poland |
C1, C6 |
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Massif des Vosges : crêtes de Schneeberg au Donon |
France |
C6 |
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Massif des Vosges: Hautes Vosges |
France |
B2, B3, C6 |
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Massif du Canigou-Carança |
France |
A4iv, B1iv, B2, B3, C5, C6 |
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Massif du Madres et Mont Coronat |
France |
B2, C6 |
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Molebny Kamen' ridge |
Russia (Central Asian) |
A1, A3 |
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Monteixo-L'Orri-Tornafort |
Spain |
B2, C6 |
|
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Mount Grappa |
Italy |
A1, B1iv, B2, C1, C5, C6 |
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Muddus |
Sweden |
A4i, B1i, B2, B3, C3, C6 |
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Muniellos |
Spain |
C6 |
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Muraka |
Estonia |
C6 |
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Ordesa-Bielsa |
Spain |
A3, B2, C6 |
|
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Ötscher-Dürrenstein |
Austria |
B2, C6 |
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Ozersky pine forest |
Russia (Central Asian) |
A1, A3 |
|
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Paradise Valley mountain plateau |
Kazakhstan |
A1, A3 |
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Parc National des Cévennes |
France |
B2, B3, C6 |
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Peña Labra and Cordel mountain ranges |
Spain |
B2, B3, C6 |
|
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Persenk |
Bulgaria |
B2, C6 |
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Picos de Europa mountain range |
Spain |
A3, B1iii, B2, B3, C2, C6 |
|
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Pirin |
Bulgaria |
A3, B2, B3, C6 |
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Polica Mountain Range |
Poland |
C6 |
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Posets-Maladeta |
Spain |
A3, B2, C6 |
|
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Poyasovy Kamen' ridge |
Russia (Central Asian) |
A1, A3 |
|
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Puig Carlit et environs |
France |
B2, B3, C2, C6 |
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Retezat Mountains |
Romania |
C6 |
|
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Riaño |
Spain |
B2, B3, C2, C6 |
|
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Rila |
Bulgaria |
A3, B2, B3, C6 |
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Rodnei Mountains |
Romania |
C6 |
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Russkoye lake |
Russia (Central Asian) |
A3 |
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Saariselkä and Koilliskaira |
Finland |
A3, A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, B3, C2, C3, C4, C6 |
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San Mauricio-Bohí-Beret |
Spain |
A3, B2, C2, C6 |
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Sjöängen: Svartån |
Sweden |
A1, B2, C1, C6 |
|
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Slavyanka Mountain |
Bulgaria |
C6 |
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Solska Forest |
Poland |
C1, C6 |
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Stelvio National Park |
Italy |
A3, B2, C6 |
|
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Sumava mountains (Bohemian forest) |
Czech Republic |
A1, B2, B3, C1, C6 |
|
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Taarikõnnu-Kaisma |
Estonia |
C6 |
|
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Tarvisio Forest |
Italy |
B2, B3, C6 |
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Tatra mountains |
Poland |
C6 |
|
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Teletskoye lake |
Russia (Central Asian) |
A3, A4i |
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Trigrad-Mursalitsa |
Bulgaria |
A1, B2, B3, C1, C6 |
|
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Turbón-Espés-Sis |
Spain |
B2, B3, C2, C6 |
|
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Vallées du Lis et de la Pique |
France |
B2, C6 |
|
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Vizhay river |
Russia (Central Asian) |
A3 |
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Vrancea Mountains |
Romania |
C6 |
|
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Watershed of the Mulym'ya and Bolshoy Tap rivers |
Russia (Central Asian) |
A1, A3, A4i |
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Western Balkan |
Bulgaria |
A1, A3, B2, B3, C1, C6 |
|
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Western Rhodopes |
Bulgaria |
B3, C6 |
|
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Yel'tsovskaya |
Russia (Central Asian) |
A1, A3 |
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Zapovednik "Denezhkin Kamen'" |
Russia (Central Asian) |
A1, A3 |
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| Name |
Location |
Endemic |
Species |
Website |
|
Mediterranean Basin |
Algeria, Egypt, France, Greece, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Portugal, Spain, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey |
No |
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 Attributes / relations provided by ♦ 1Storchová, Lenka; Hořák, David (2018), Data from: Life-history characteristics of European birds, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n6k3n ♦ 2Terje Lislevand, Jordi Figuerola, and Tamás Székely. 2007. Avian body sizes in relation to fecundity, mating system, display behavior, and resource sharing. Ecology 88:1605 ♦ 3Hamish Wilman, Jonathan Belmaker, Jennifer Simpson, Carolina de la Rosa, Marcelo M. Rivadeneira, and Walter Jetz. 2014. EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology 95:2027 ♦ 4de Magalhaes, J. P., and Costa, J. (2009) A database of vertebrate longevity records and their relation to other life-history traits. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22(8):1770-1774 ♦ 5del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. ♦ 6British Trust for Ornithology♦ 7Jetz W, Sekercioglu CH, Böhning-Gaese K (2008) The Worldwide Variation in Avian Clutch Size across Species and Space PLoS Biol 6(12): e303. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060303 ♦ 8Nathan P. Myhrvold, Elita Baldridge, Benjamin Chan, Dhileep Sivam, Daniel L. Freeman, and S. K. Morgan Ernest. 2015. An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles. Ecology 96:3109 ♦ 9Jorrit H. Poelen, James D. Simons and Chris J. Mungall. (2014). Global Biotic Interactions: An open infrastructure to share and analyze species-interaction datasets. Ecological Informatics. ♦ 10Gibson, D. I., Bray, R. A., & Harris, E. A. (Compilers) (2005). Host-Parasite Database of the Natural History Museum, London Ecoregions provided by World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF). WildFinder: Online database of species distributions, ver. 01.06 Wildfinder Database |
Species taxanomy provided by GBIF Secretariat (2022). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2023-06-13; License: CC BY 4.0
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