World Species : Protected Area : Aggtelek Biosphere Reserve

Aggtelek Biosphere Reserve

Location:	Hungary
IUCN Category:	II
Area:	59,233 acres (23,971 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Website:	View website
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Cfb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)

Ecoregions

Pannonian mixed forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A			B			C				D						E

Share	60 %	20 %	20 %	50 %	35 %	15 %	50 %	25 %	15 %	10 %	60 %	15 %	10 %	5 %	5 %	5 %	50 %	30 %	10 %	5 %	5 %
Soil Type	Rendzic Leptosols	Lithic Leptosols	Calcaric Cambisols	Haplic Phaeozems	Eutric Fluvisols	Eutric Vertisols	Haplic Luvisols	Chromic Cambisols	Eutric Regosols	Dystric Regosols	Rendzic Leptosols	Rendzic Leptosols	Lithic Leptosols	Eutric Cambisols	Chromic Luvisols	Rendzic Leptosols	Eutric Cambisols	Eutric Cambisols	Eutric Planosols	Rendzic Leptosols	Dystric Fluvisols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Fine	Fine	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
Reference Depth	30 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	30 cm	30 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	30 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	30 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Very poor	Poor	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Poor	Imperfectly	Poor
Available Water Capacity	15 mm	15 mm	50 m	150 m	150 m	125 m	100 m	150 m	50 m	50 m	15 mm	15 mm	15 mm	50 m	100 m	15 mm	50 m	50 m	100 m	15 mm	150 m
Phase 1	Stony	Stony	Stony								Stony	Stony		Gravelly		Stony	Gravelly	Gravelly		Stony
Root Obstacle			40 - 60 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	40 - 60 cm	None to 80 cm	20 - 40 cm	20 - 40 cm				None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm		None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm		0 - 80 cm
Impermeable Layer			40 - 80 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	40 - 80 cm	None to 150 cm	0 - 40 cm	0 - 40 cm				None to 150 cm	40 - 80 cm		None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	40 - 80 cm		40 - 80 cm
Soil Water Regime			Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month				Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Misc. Property						Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	16 %	21 %	6 %	2 %	4 %	4 %	4 %	10 %	25 %	19 %	16 %	16 %	21 %	9 %	12 %	16 %	9 %	9 %	4 %	16 %	4 %
Sand	37 %	42 %	36 %	38 %	19 %	19 %	41 %	49 %	47 %	42 %	37 %	37 %	42 %	42 %	48 %	37 %	42 %	42 %	42 %	37 %	47 %
Silt	44 %	34 %	43 %	39 %	32 %	25 %	37 %	28 %	34 %	37 %	44 %	44 %	34 %	36 %	28 %	44 %	36 %	36 %	38 %	44 %	33 %
Clay	19 %	24 %	21 %	23 %	49 %	56 %	22 %	23 %	19 %	21 %	19 %	19 %	24 %	22 %	24 %	19 %	22 %	22 %	20 %	19 %	20 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Clay	Clay	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.41 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.24 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³	1.56 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.47 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	2.13 %	1.61 %	0.65 %	1.95 %	1.19 %	1.05 %	0.74 %	0.98 %	0.98 %	1.39 %	2.13 %	2.13 %	1.61 %	1 %	0.83 %	2.13 %	1 %	1 %	1.06 %	2.13 %	1.05 %
PH	7.5	7.5	8	6.4	6.2	6.9	6.5	6.6	6.4	5.1	7.5	7.5	7.5	6.6	6.3	7.5	6.6	6.6	5.6	7.5	4.8
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	80 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	38 cmol kg⁻¹	70 cmol kg⁻¹	47 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	80 cmol kg⁻¹	80 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	80 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	37 cmol kg⁻¹	80 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	27 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	24 cmol kg⁻¹	43 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	100 %	100 %	100 %	87 %	91 %	100 %	91 %	83 %	78 %	24 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	93 %	88 %	100 %	93 %	93 %	67 %	100 %	36 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	28.8 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	24.3 cmol kg⁻¹	12.4 cmol kg⁻¹	22.7 cmol kg⁻¹	40.9 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	11.6 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	28.8 cmol kg⁻¹	28.8 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	28.8 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	8.4 cmol kg⁻¹	28.8 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	6 %	3.9 %	7 %	0 %	0 %	0.2 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	6 %	6 %	3.9 %	0 %	0 %	6 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	6 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %	3 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	3 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	3 %	2 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel			10 %	4 %	3 %	5 %	3 %	9 %	28 %	26 %				12 %	8 %		12 %	12 %	4 %		8 %
Sand			34 %	40 %	21 %	18 %	37 %	47 %	51 %	46 %				41 %	41 %		41 %	41 %	33 %		51 %
Silt			43 %	37 %	32 %	24 %	34 %	26 %	31 %	34 %				34 %	25 %		34 %	34 %	31 %		29 %
Clay			23 %	23 %	47 %	58 %	29 %	27 %	18 %	20 %				25 %	34 %		25 %	25 %	36 %		20 %
USDA Texture			Loam	Loam	Clay	Clay	Clay loam	Sandy clay loam	Loam	Loam				Loam	Clay loam		Loam	Loam	Clay loam		Loam
Reference Bulk Density			1.38 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³				1.38 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³		1.38 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³		1.43 g/cm³
Bulk Density			1.45 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.48 g/cm³				1.39 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³		1.39 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³		1.39 g/cm³
Organic Carbon			0.43 %	0.67 %	0.55 %	0.59 %	0.36 %	0.47 %	0.4 %	0.6 %				0.37 %	0.4 %		0.37 %	0.37 %	0.43 %		0.41 %
PH			8.1	6.8	6.8	7.5	6.7	6.7	6.9	4.9				7	6.4		7	7	6.3		4.9
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity			54 cmol kg⁻¹	64 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	70 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹	56 cmol kg⁻¹	28 cmol kg⁻¹				55 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹		55 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	47 cmol kg⁻¹		20 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity			16 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹				15 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹		15 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹		7 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation			100 %	95 %	99 %	100 %	93 %	92 %	89 %	21 %				93 %	90 %		93 %	93 %	89 %		29 %
Total Exchangeable Bases			28.7 cmol kg⁻¹	13.8 cmol kg⁻¹	18.2 cmol kg⁻¹	44.2 cmol kg⁻¹	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹	11.9 cmol kg⁻¹	10.3 cmol kg⁻¹	1.8 cmol kg⁻¹				15.1 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹		15.1 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹	15.2 cmol kg⁻¹		2 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate			8.7 %	0.1 %	0.2 %	0.8 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %				0.1 %	0 %		0.1 %	0.1 %	0 %		0 %
Calcium Sulphate			0.4 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %				0 %	0 %		0 %	0 %	0 %		0 %
Exchangeable Sodium			1 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	1 %				2 %	1 %		2 %	2 %	4 %		2 %
Electrical Conductivity			0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1				0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263