World Species : Protected Area : MONTES UNIVERSALES

MONTES UNIVERSALES - SIERRA DEL TREMEDAL

Location:	Spain
Area:	79,316 acres (32,098 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Csb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: summer dry; Temperature: warm summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Iberian conifer forests
Iberian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A				B				C				D			E		F			G

Share	50 %	20 %	15 %	15 %	50 %	25 %	20 %	5 %	60 %	20 %	15 %	5 %	55 %	25 %	20 %	60 %	40 %	45 %	35 %	20 %	70 %	20 %	10 %
Soil Type	Humic Cambisols	Dystric Cambisols	Umbric Leptosols	Lithic Leptosols	Rendzic Leptosols	Humic Cambisols	Lithic Leptosols	Chromic Luvisols	Eutric Cambisols	Haplic Luvisols	Rendzic Leptosols	Calcaric Phaeozems	Calcaric Cambisols	Rendzic Leptosols	Calcaric Regosols	Calcaric Cambisols	Calcaric Regosols	Gleyic Acrisols	Gleyic Luvisols	Dystric Planosols	Eutric Regosols	Eutric Cambisols	Lithic Leptosols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Fine	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Medium	Medium	Medium
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	30 cm	10 cm	30 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	30 cm	100 cm	100 cm	30 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm
Drainage	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Poor	Poor	Poor	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly
Available Water Capacity	15 m	15 m	15 mm	0 mm	50 mm	50 m	15 mm	50 m	150 m	150 m	50 mm	150 m	150 m	50 mm	100 m	150 m	100 m	15 m	15 m	15 m	50 m	50 m	15 mm
Phase 1	Lithic	Lithic	Gravelly	Gravelly		Lithic		Lithic										Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly	Lithic	Lithic
Phase 2	Gravelly	Gravelly
Root Obstacle	20 - 40 cm	20 - 40 cm				20 - 40 cm		20 - 40 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm		None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm		40 - 60 cm	None to 80 cm	20 - 40 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	20 - 40 cm	40 - 60 cm
Impermeable Layer	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm				None to 150 cm		None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm		None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm		40 - 80 cm	None to 150 cm	40 - 80 cm	0 - 40 cm	0 - 40 cm	0 - 40 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month				Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	8 %	10 %	6 %	21 %	16 %	8 %	21 %	12 %	9 %	4 %	16 %	3 %	5 %	16 %	14 %	6 %	14 %	4 %	4 %	4 %	25 %	9 %	21 %
Sand	41 %	42 %	49 %	42 %	37 %	41 %	42 %	48 %	42 %	41 %	37 %	35 %	19 %	37 %	44 %	36 %	44 %	77 %	80 %	77 %	47 %	42 %	42 %
Silt	36 %	38 %	31 %	34 %	44 %	36 %	34 %	28 %	36 %	37 %	44 %	43 %	32 %	44 %	35 %	43 %	35 %	14 %	11 %	12 %	34 %	36 %	34 %
Clay	23 %	20 %	20 %	24 %	19 %	23 %	24 %	24 %	22 %	22 %	19 %	22 %	49 %	19 %	21 %	21 %	21 %	9 %	9 %	11 %	19 %	22 %	24 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Clay	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Sandy loam	Loamy sand	Sandy loam	Loam	Loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.39 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.57 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.1 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.1 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.1 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.46 g/cm³	1.28 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.46 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	2.72 %	1.45 %	2.4 %	1.61 %	2.13 %	2.72 %	1.61 %	0.83 %	1 %	0.74 %	2.13 %	1.37 %	0.87 %	2.13 %	0.75 %	0.65 %	0.75 %	1.83 %	0.63 %	0.31 %	0.98 %	1 %	1.61 %
PH	5.3	5.1	5.1	7.5	7.5	5.3	7.5	6.3	6.6	6.5	7.5	7.9	7.8	7.5	8	8	8	5	6.5	5.2	6.4	6.6	7.5
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	52 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	34 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	80 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	47 cmol kg⁻¹	80 cmol kg⁻¹	67 cmol kg⁻¹	57 cmol kg⁻¹	80 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	54 cmol kg⁻¹	19 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	21 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	30 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	4 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	25 %	38 %	36 %	100 %	100 %	25 %	100 %	88 %	93 %	91 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	72 %	83 %	79 %	78 %	93 %	100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	5.4 cmol kg⁻¹	4.3 cmol kg⁻¹	4.7 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	28.8 cmol kg⁻¹	5.4 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	28.8 cmol kg⁻¹	25.8 cmol kg⁻¹	46.6 cmol kg⁻¹	28.8 cmol kg⁻¹	26.8 cmol kg⁻¹	24.3 cmol kg⁻¹	26.8 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	6.1 cmol kg⁻¹	4.6 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0 %	0 %	3.9 %	6 %	0 %	3.9 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	6 %	3.4 %	4.9 %	6 %	15 %	7 %	15 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	3.9 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	1 %	2 %	4 %	3 %	2 %	1 %	3 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	0 %	2 %	0 %	1 %	2 %	3 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	6 %	19 %				6 %		8 %	12 %	3 %		5 %	5 %		18 %	10 %	18 %	8 %	5 %	7 %	28 %	12 %
Sand	44 %	45 %				44 %		41 %	41 %	37 %		35 %	23 %		40 %	34 %	40 %	64 %	68 %	57 %	51 %	41 %
Silt	32 %	35 %				32 %		25 %	34 %	34 %		44 %	35 %		35 %	43 %	35 %	14 %	10 %	14 %	31 %	34 %
Clay	24 %	20 %				24 %		34 %	25 %	29 %		21 %	42 %		25 %	23 %	25 %	22 %	22 %	29 %	18 %	25 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Loam				Loam		Clay loam	Loam	Clay loam		Loam	Clay		Loam	Loam	Loam	Sandy clay loam	Sandy clay loam	Sandy clay loam	Loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.39 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³				1.39 g/cm³		1.33 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³		1.39 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³		1.37 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.16 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³				1.16 g/cm³		1.51 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³		1.44 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³		1.5 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.55 g/cm³	1.63 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	1.07 %	0.5 %				1.07 %		0.4 %	0.37 %	0.36 %		0.48 %	0.39 %		0.47 %	0.43 %	0.47 %	0.42 %	0.3 %	0.3 %	0.4 %	0.37 %
PH	5.3	5.2				5.3		6.4	7	6.7		8.2	8.1		8.1	8.1	8.1	4.7	6.4	5.1	6.9	7
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	37 cmol kg⁻¹	35 cmol kg⁻¹				37 cmol kg⁻¹		41 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹		71 cmol kg⁻¹	58 cmol kg⁻¹		52 cmol kg⁻¹	54 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	43 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	56 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	14 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹				14 cmol kg⁻¹		15 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹		14 cmol kg⁻¹	26 cmol kg⁻¹		15 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	30 %	33 %				30 %		90 %	93 %	93 %		100 %	100 %		100 %	100 %	100 %	42 %	80 %	41 %	89 %	93 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	2.5 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹				2.5 cmol kg⁻¹		12 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹		22.2 cmol kg⁻¹	44.8 cmol kg⁻¹		36.5 cmol kg⁻¹	28.7 cmol kg⁻¹	36.5 cmol kg⁻¹	2.2 cmol kg⁻¹	5.9 cmol kg⁻¹	5.6 cmol kg⁻¹	10.3 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0 %				0 %		0 %	0.1 %	0 %		11.4 %	11.2 %		15 %	8.7 %	15 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %				0 %		0 %	0 %	0 %		0 %	0 %		0 %	0.4 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %	2 %				2 %		1 %	2 %	1 %		2 %	2 %		2 %	1 %	2 %	0 %	1 %	3 %	2 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1				0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1		0.3 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263