World Species : Protected Area : Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve

Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve

Location:	Jilin, China
IUCN Category:	V
Area:	619,089 acres (250,537 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Dwc (Climate: snow; Precipitation: winter dry; Temperature: cool summer)

Ecoregions

Changbai Mountains mixed forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A		B	C	D	E	F	G	H	I	J	K	L	M	N

Share	50 %	50 %
Soil Type	Lithosols	Orthic Luvisols	Haplic Luvisols	Dystric Podzoluvisols	Haplic Andosols	Umbric Andosols	Haplic Phaeozems	Humic Cambisols	Mollic Gleysols	Mollic Gleysols	Eutric Leptosols	Haplic Luvisols	Dystric Podzoluvisols	Albic Luvisols	Gleyic Luvisols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Fine	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
Reference Depth	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	30 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Very poor	Poor	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Poor
Available Water Capacity	15 mm	50 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	50 mm	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m
Phase 1		Lithic				Skeletic	Inundic			Inundic
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	26 %	4 %	4 %	1 %	4 %	10 %	2 %	8 %	1 %	4 %	24 %	4 %	1 %	9 %	5 %
Sand	43 %	47 %	41 %	31 %	32 %	31 %	38 %	41 %	15 %	39 %	46 %	41 %	31 %	37 %	47 %
Silt	34 %	32 %	37 %	54 %	47 %	50 %	39 %	36 %	29 %	39 %	34 %	37 %	54 %	45 %	29 %
Clay	23 %	21 %	22 %	15 %	21 %	19 %	23 %	23 %	56 %	22 %	20 %	22 %	15 %	18 %	24 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Loam	Loam	Silt loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Clay	Loam	Loam	Loam	Silt loam	Loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.39 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.3 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	0.76 g/cm³	0.65 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.1 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.28 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.54 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	1.4 %	0.82 %	0.74 %	1.59 %	6.74 %	7.75 %	1.95 %	2.72 %	2.27 %	1.65 %	1.13 %	0.74 %	1.59 %	0.82 %	0.83 %
PH	7.6	6.2	6.5	5	5.9	5.4	6.4	5.3	6.1	6.6	6.3	6.5	5	6	6.3
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	42 cmol kg⁻¹	35 cmol kg⁻¹	47 cmol kg⁻¹	63 cmol kg⁻¹	78 cmol kg⁻¹	62 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	37 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	36 cmol kg⁻¹	47 cmol kg⁻¹	63 cmol kg⁻¹	53 cmol kg⁻¹	46 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	15 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	19 cmol kg⁻¹	30 cmol kg⁻¹	36 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	19 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	100 %	88 %	91 %	55 %	16 %	13 %	87 %	25 %	83 %	87 %	85 %	91 %	55 %	75 %	93 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	15.6 cmol kg⁻¹	8.3 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	5.7 cmol kg⁻¹	6.4 cmol kg⁻¹	4.4 cmol kg⁻¹	12.4 cmol kg⁻¹	5.4 cmol kg⁻¹	22.2 cmol kg⁻¹	9.8 cmol kg⁻¹	13.8 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	5.7 cmol kg⁻¹	11.7 cmol kg⁻¹	14.9 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	3.9 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	4 %	1 %	1 %	0 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	0 %	0 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel		5 %	3 %	4 %	9 %	10 %	4 %	6 %	1 %	3 %		3 %	4 %	19 %	6 %
Sand		40 %	37 %	24 %	34 %	35 %	40 %	44 %	24 %	37 %		37 %	24 %	33 %	39 %
Silt		29 %	34 %	50 %	44 %	46 %	37 %	32 %	24 %	35 %		34 %	50 %	35 %	27 %
Clay		31 %	29 %	26 %	22 %	19 %	23 %	24 %	52 %	28 %		29 %	26 %	32 %	34 %
USDA Texture		Clay loam	Clay loam	Silt loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Clay	Clay loam		Clay loam	Silt loam	Clay loam	Clay loam
Reference Bulk Density		1.34 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.34 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³		1.35 g/cm³	1.34 g/cm³	1.32 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³
Bulk Density		1.5 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.61 g/cm³	0.79 g/cm³	0.67 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.16 g/cm³	1.2 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³		1.51 g/cm³	1.61 g/cm³	1.58 g/cm³	1.65 g/cm³
Organic Carbon		0.39 %	0.36 %	0.2 %	1.99 %	3.39 %	0.67 %	1.07 %	0.81 %	0.69 %		0.36 %	0.2 %	0.38 %	0.28 %
PH		6.2	6.7	5.3	6.1	5.9	6.8	5.3	6.4	7.2		6.7	5.3	6.3	7
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity		33 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	67 cmol kg⁻¹	79 cmol kg⁻¹	93 cmol kg⁻¹	64 cmol kg⁻¹	37 cmol kg⁻¹	35 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹		50 cmol kg⁻¹	67 cmol kg⁻¹	54 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity		12 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	28 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	25 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹		14 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation		87 %	93 %	59 %	33 %	16 %	95 %	30 %	91 %	88 %		93 %	59 %	84 %	99 %
Total Exchangeable Bases		9.6 cmol kg⁻¹	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹	4.9 cmol kg⁻¹	4.7 cmol kg⁻¹	3.3 cmol kg⁻¹	13.8 cmol kg⁻¹	2.5 cmol kg⁻¹	18.9 cmol kg⁻¹	10.7 cmol kg⁻¹		13.1 cmol kg⁻¹	4.9 cmol kg⁻¹	19.5 cmol kg⁻¹	15.9 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate		0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	4 %		0 %	0 %	0 %	0.4 %
Calcium Sulphate		0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %		0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium		1 %	1 %	0 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	1 %		1 %	0 %	1 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity		0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263