World Species : Protected Area : Karkonosze

Karkonosze

Location:	Poland
IUCN Category:	II
Area:	45,907 acres (18,578 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Website:	View website
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Dfb (Climate: snow; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)

Ecoregions

Western European broadleaf forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A					B				C

Share	65 %	15 %	10 %	5 %	5 %	50 %	20 %	20 %	10 %	50 %	25 %	10 %	5 %	5 %	5 %
Soil Type	Lithic Leptosols	Umbric Leptosols	Haplic Podzols	Dystric Cambisols	Dystric Fluvisols	Haplic Podzols	Umbric Leptosols	Lithic Leptosols	Fibric Histosols	Gleyic Cambisols	Dystric Cambisols	Haplic Podzols	Dystric Leptosols	Dystric Gleysols	Fibric Histosols
Topsoil Texture	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Medium	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Fine	Medium	Medium	Medium	Coarse	Medium	Fine
Reference Depth	10 cm	30 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	30 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	30 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Moderately well	Moderately well	Somewhat excessive	Moderately well	Poor	Somewhat excessive	Moderately well	Moderately well	Very poor	Poor	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Poor	Very poor
Available Water Capacity	15 mm	15 mm	15 m	50 m	75 m	15 m	15 mm	15 mm	150 m	50 m	50 m	50 m	15 mm	150 m	150 m
Phase 1	Erosion	Stony	Stony	Stony	Gravelly	Stony	Stony			Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly	Stony
Phase 2		Erosion								Stony	Stony	Stony
Root Obstacle			40 - 60 cm	40 - 60 cm	0 - 80 cm	40 - 60 cm			0 - 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm		40 - 60 cm	None to 80 cm
Impermeable Layer			40 - 80 cm	40 - 80 cm	None to 150 cm	40 - 80 cm			40 - 80 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm		40 - 80 cm	None to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime			Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month			Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	21 %	10 %	3 %	10 %	10 %	3 %	10 %	21 %	1 %	4 %	10 %	15 %	23 %	2 %	1 %
Sand	73 %	79 %	87 %	42 %	79 %	87 %	79 %	73 %	20 %	45 %	42 %	50 %	76 %	40 %	20 %
Silt	18 %	13 %	9 %	38 %	12 %	9 %	13 %	18 %	40 %	36 %	38 %	40 %	14 %	39 %	40 %
Clay	9 %	8 %	4 %	20 %	9 %	4 %	8 %	9 %	40 %	19 %	20 %	10 %	10 %	21 %	40 %
USDA Texture	Sandy loam	Loamy sand	Loamy sand	Loam	Sandy loam	Loamy sand	Loamy sand	Sandy loam	Clay	Loam	Loam	Loam	Sandy loam	Loam	Clay
Reference Bulk Density	1.59 g/cm³	1.62 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³	1.62 g/cm³	1.59 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.58 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.45 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	0.1 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.47 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	0.1 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	1.4 %	2.59 %	2.18 %	1.45 %	0.87 %	2.18 %	2.59 %	1.4 %	33.63 %	1 %	1.45 %	5.27 %	0.65 %	1.17 %	33.63 %
PH	7.5	4.7	4.4	5.1	5.3	4.4	4.7	7.5	4.3	6.4	5.1	4.5	5.1	5.1	4.3
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	85 cmol kg⁻¹	24 cmol kg⁻¹	101 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	34 cmol kg⁻¹	101 cmol kg⁻¹	24 cmol kg⁻¹	85 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	38 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	89 cmol kg⁻¹	19 cmol kg⁻¹	25 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	12 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	77 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	28 cmol kg⁻¹	4 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	77 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	86 %	86 %	11 %	38 %	55 %	11 %	86 %	86 %	62 %	85 %	38 %	11 %	62 %	47 %	62 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	5.2 cmol kg⁻¹	5.2 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	4.3 cmol kg⁻¹	2.1 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	5.2 cmol kg⁻¹	5.2 cmol kg⁻¹	31.4 cmol kg⁻¹	8.2 cmol kg⁻¹	4.3 cmol kg⁻¹	5.6 cmol kg⁻¹	3.4 cmol kg⁻¹	5.5 cmol kg⁻¹	31.4 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	1 %	0 %	1 %	2 %	3 %	1 %	0 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	3 %	1 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel			4 %	19 %	17 %	4 %			2 %	18 %	19 %	15 %		6 %	2 %
Sand			88 %	45 %	79 %	88 %			47 %	39 %	45 %	55 %		41 %	47 %
Silt			8 %	35 %	11 %	8 %			26 %	34 %	35 %	35 %		34 %	26 %
Clay			4 %	20 %	10 %	4 %			27 %	27 %	20 %	10 %		25 %	27 %
USDA Texture			Sand	Loam	Sandy loam	Sand			Sandy clay loam	Clay loam	Loam	Sandy loam		Loam	Sandy clay loam
Reference Bulk Density			1.74 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.58 g/cm³	1.74 g/cm³			1.38 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.54 g/cm³		1.38 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density			1.51 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³			0.1 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³		1.36 g/cm³	0.1 g/cm³
Organic Carbon			0.39 %	0.5 %	0.26 %	0.39 %			32.89 %	0.47 %	0.5 %	0.81 %		0.4 %	32.89 %
PH			5	5.2	5.5	5			4.6	6.7	5.2	5		5.3	4.6
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity			66 cmol kg⁻¹	35 cmol kg⁻¹	38 cmol kg⁻¹	66 cmol kg⁻¹			71 cmol kg⁻¹	37 cmol kg⁻¹	35 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹		29 cmol kg⁻¹	71 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity			2 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	4 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹			78 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹		10 cmol kg⁻¹	78 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation			21 %	33 %	46 %	21 %			40 %	88 %	33 %	13 %		47 %	40 %
Total Exchangeable Bases			1.5 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	1.5 cmol kg⁻¹	1.5 cmol kg⁻¹			27.4 cmol kg⁻¹	11.3 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	0.8 cmol kg⁻¹		6.1 cmol kg⁻¹	27.4 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate			0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %			0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %		0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate			0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %			0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %		0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium			3 %	2 %	2 %	3 %			1 %	2 %	2 %	0 %		1 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity			0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1			0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263