Animalia > Chordata > Aves > Galliformes > Odontophoridae > Callipepla > Callipepla californicaCallipepla californica (Californian Quail; California Quail)Synonyms: Lophortyx californica; Tetrao californicus (homotypic) Language: Spanish The California quail (Callipepla californica), also known as the California valley quail or valley quail, is a small ground-dwelling bird in the New World quail family. These birds have a curving crest or plume, made of six feathers, that droops forward: black in males and brown in females; the flanks are brown with white streaks. Males have a dark brown cap and a black face with a brown back, a grey-blue chest and a light brown belly. Females and immature birds are mainly grey-brown with a light-colored belly.Their closest relative is Gambel's quail which has a more southerly distribution and, a longer crest at 2.5 in (6.4 cm), a brighter head and a scalier appearance. The two species separated about 1–2 million years ago, during the Late Pliocene or Early Pleistocene. It is the state bir |
Uniqueness Scale: Similiar (0) Unique (100) Uniqueness & Vulnerability Scale: Similiar & Secure (0) Unique & Vulnerable (100) ED Score: 5.29473 EDGE Score: 1.83971 |
Adult Weight [1] | 174 grams | Birth Weight [3] | 6 grams | Female Weight [5] | 167 grams | Male Weight [5] | 185 grams | Weight Dimorphism [5] | 10.8 % |  | Breeding Habitat [2] | Chaparral | Wintering Geography [2] | Non-migrartory | Wintering Habitat [2] | Chaparral |  | Diet [4] | Granivore, Herbivore | Diet - Plants [4] | 50 % | Diet - Seeds [4] | 50 % | Forages - Ground [4] | 100 % |  | Clutch Size [6] | 15 | Clutches / Year [3] | 1 | Fledging [5] | 10 days | Global Population (2017 est.) [2] | 4,900,000 | Incubation [3] | 22 days | Mating System [7] | Monogamy | Maximum Longevity [3] | 10 years | Snout to Vent Length [5] | 10 inches (25 cm) |  | Female Maturity [3] | 9 months 4 days | Male Maturity [3] | 9 months 4 days |
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Name |
Countries |
Ecozone |
Biome |
Species |
Report |
Climate |
Land Use |
Baja California desert |
Mexico |
Nearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Blue Mountains forests |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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British Columbia mainland coastal forests |
Canada, United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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California Central Valley grasslands |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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California coastal sage and chaparral |
Mexico, United States |
Nearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
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California interior chaparral and woodlands |
United States |
Nearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
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California montane chaparral and woodlands |
United States |
Nearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
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Central and Southern Cascades forests |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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Central Andean dry puna |
Argentina, Bolivia, Chile |
Neotropic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
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Central Pacific coastal forests |
Canada, United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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Chatham Island temperate forests |
New Zealand |
Australasia |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Eastern Cascades forests |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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Great Basin shrub steppe |
United States |
Nearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Gulf of California xeric scrub |
Mexico |
Nearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Klamath-Siskiyou forests |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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Mojave desert |
United States |
Nearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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North Central Rockies forests |
Canada, United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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Northern California coastal forests |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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Puget lowland forests |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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San Lucan xeric scrub |
Mexico |
Neotropic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Sierra de la Laguna dry forests |
Mexico |
Neotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests |
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Sierra de la Laguna pine-oak forests |
Mexico |
Neotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Coniferous Forests |
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Sierra Juarez and San Pedro Martir pine-oak forests |
Mexico |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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Sierra Nevada forests |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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Snake-Columbia shrub steppe |
United States |
Nearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Southeastern mixed forests |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Wasatch and Uinta montane forests |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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Willamette Valley forests |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Name |
IUCN Category |
Area acres |
Location |
Species |
Website |
Climate |
Land Use |
Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, CA |
III |
184543 |
California, United States |
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Boggs Lake Preserve Nature Conservancy - Preserve |
Ia |
192 |
California, United States |
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Boggs Mountain Demonstration State Forest |
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California, United States |
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Cabrillo National Monument |
V |
149 |
California, United States |
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California Coast Ranges Biosphere Reserve |
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153447 |
California, United States |
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Carrizo Plain Preserve Nature Conservancy - Preserve |
Ia |
7550 |
California, United States |
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Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary |
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California, United States |
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Channel Islands National Park |
II |
139010 |
California, United States |
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Cosumnes River Preserve Nature Conservancy - Preserve |
Ia |
2138 |
California, United States |
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Creighton Ranch Preserve Nature Conservancy - Preserve |
Ia |
3275 |
California, United States |
|
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Death Valley National Park |
II |
762125 |
California, Nevada, United States |
|
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Deer Flat National Wildlife Refuge |
Ia |
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Idaho, United States |
|
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Dye Creek Preserve Nature Conservancy - Preserve |
Ia |
38152 |
California, United States |
|
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Elkhorn Slough Preserve Nature Conservancy - Preserve |
Ia |
964 |
California, United States |
|
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Fairfield Osborn Preserve Nature Conservancy - Preserve |
Ia |
190 |
California, United States |
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Golden Gate National Recreation Area |
V |
26135 |
California, United States |
|
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Gray Lodge State Wildlife Area State Wildlife Management Area |
IV |
8471 |
California, United States |
|
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Great Basin National Park |
II |
77367 |
Nevada, United States |
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Gulf Islands National Park National Park Reserve |
II |
8785 |
British Columbia, Canada |
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Hamilton Preserve Nature Conservancy - Preserve |
Ia |
52 |
California, United States |
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Hawaii Volcanoes National Park |
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177278 |
Hawaii, United States |
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Hawaiian Islands Biosphere Reserve |
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245981 |
Hawaii, United States |
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Heath and Marjorie Angelo Coast Range Preserve Nature Conservancy - Preserve |
Ia |
7008 |
California, United States |
|
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Hibberd Preserve Nature Conservancy - Preserve |
Ia |
1485 |
California, United States |
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Jackson Demonstration State Forest |
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California, United States |
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Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park |
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Hawaii, United States |
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Kaweah Oaks Preserve Nature Conservancy - Preserve |
Ia |
319 |
California, United States |
|
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Kern River Preserve Nature Conservancy - Preserve |
Ia |
834 |
California, United States |
|
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Lake Chelan National Recreation Area |
II |
606367 |
Washington, United States |
|
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Lake Roosevelt National Recreation Area |
V |
103172 |
Washington, United States |
|
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Landels-Hill Big Creek Preserve Nature Conservancy - Preserve |
Ia |
45 |
California, United States |
|
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Lanín National Park |
II |
536819 |
Neuquen, Argentina |
|
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Lanphere-Christensen Dunes Preserve Nature Conservancy - Preserve |
Ia |
471 |
California, United States |
|
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|
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Lassen Volcanic National Park |
II |
29388 |
California, United States |
|
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|
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Lava Beds National Monument |
III |
20002 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
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Lavinia Nature Reserve State Reserve |
II |
17390 |
Tasmania, Australia |
|
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Los Alerces National Park |
II |
463045 |
Chubut, Argentina |
|
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|
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McCloud River Preserve Conservation Easement |
|
1693 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
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McGinty Mountain Preserve Nature Conservancy - Preserve |
Ia |
753 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
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Mojave and Colorado Deserts Biosphere Reserve |
|
5901 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
Mount Arrowsmith Biosphere Reserve |
|
293047 |
British Columbia, Canada |
|
|
|
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Mount Rainier National Park |
II |
235186 |
Washington, United States |
|
|
|
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Mount Tamalpais State Park |
|
6365 |
California, United States |
|
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|
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Muir Woods National Monument |
V |
492 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
Nahuel Huapi National Park |
II |
759703 |
Argentina |
|
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Nez Perce National Historical Park |
V |
2076 |
Idaho, United States |
|
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Nipomo Dunes Preserve Nature Conservancy - Preserve |
Ia |
3725 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
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Norfolk Island National Park |
II |
1723 |
Australian external territories, Australia |
|
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Olympic Biosphere Reserve |
II |
922805 |
Washington, United States |
|
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Paine Preserve Nature Conservancy - Preserve |
|
2965 |
California, United States |
|
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|
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Philip L. Boyd Deep Canyon Desert Research Center |
|
6101 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
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Pinnacles National Monument |
V |
2869 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
Point Reyes National Seashore |
II |
27068 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
Pygmy Forest Preserve Nature Conservancy - Preserve |
Ia |
84 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
Redwood National Park |
II |
77867 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
Reserva de la Biosfera El Vizcaino Biosphere Reserve |
VI |
6176727 |
Mexico |
|
|
|
|
Ring Mountain Preserve Nature Conservancy - Preserve |
Ia |
438 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
Rockville Hills Regional Park |
|
|
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
Samuel P. Taylor State Park |
|
2694 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
San Dimas Biosphere Reserve |
|
17161 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
San Joaquin Biosphere Reserve |
|
4527 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
San Juan Island National Historical Park |
III |
1674 |
Washington, United States |
|
|
|
|
Santa Cruz Island Preserve Nature Conservancy - Preserve |
|
46021 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area |
V |
38440 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
Santuario de la Naturaleza Pumalín Sanctuary |
|
713364 |
Chile |
|
|
|
|
Sequoia and Kings Canyon Biosphere Reserve |
II |
172261 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
South Taupo Wetland |
|
|
North Island, New Zealand |
|
|
|
|
Table Mountain |
|
|
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
Tomales Bay State Park |
|
1659 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
Tongariro National Park |
II |
196174 |
North Island, New Zealand |
|
|
|
|
Whiskey-Shasta-Trinity National Recreation Area |
V |
197791 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
Williams Wildlife Preserve Wildlife Reserve |
|
|
California, United States |
|
|
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Attributes / relations provided by ♦ 1Storchová, Lenka; Hořák, David (2018), Data from: Life-history characteristics of European birds, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n6k3n ♦ 2Partners in Flight Avian Conservation Assessment Database, version 2017. Accessed on January 2018. ♦ 3de Magalhaes, J. P., and Costa, J. (2009) A database of vertebrate longevity records and their relation to other life-history traits. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22(8):1770-1774 ♦ 4Hamish Wilman, Jonathan Belmaker, Jennifer Simpson, Carolina de la Rosa, Marcelo M. Rivadeneira, and Walter Jetz. 2014. EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology 95:2027 ♦ 5Nathan P. Myhrvold, Elita Baldridge, Benjamin Chan, Dhileep Sivam, Daniel L. Freeman, and S. K. Morgan Ernest. 2015. An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles. Ecology 96:3109 ♦ 6Jetz W, Sekercioglu CH, Böhning-Gaese K (2008) The Worldwide Variation in Avian Clutch Size across Species and Space PLoS Biol 6(12): e303. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060303 ♦ 7Terje Lislevand, Jordi Figuerola, and Tamás Székely. 2007. Avian body sizes in relation to fecundity, mating system, display behavior, and resource sharing. Ecology 88:1605 ♦ 8Jorrit H. Poelen, James D. Simons and Chris J. Mungall. (2014). Global Biotic Interactions: An open infrastructure to share and analyze species-interaction datasets. Ecological Informatics. ♦ 9Patterns of frugivory, seed dispersal and predation of blue fan palms (Brahea armata) in oases of northern Baja California, E.V. Wehncke, X.L. Medellín, E. Ezcurra, Journal of Arid Environments 73 (2009) 773783 ♦ 10Trejo, A., M. Kun, M. Sahores, and S. Seijas. 2005. Diet overlap and prey size of two owls in the forest-steppe ecotone of southern Argentina Ornitol. Neotrop 16:539–546 ♦ 11del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. ♦ 12Feeding ecology of North American gopher snakes (Pituophis catenifer, Colubridae), JAVIER A. RODRÍGUEZ-ROBLES, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2002, 77, 165183 ♦ 13Breeding Biology of a Grey Eagle-Buzzard Population in Patagonia, Fernando Hiraldo, José A. Donázar, Olga Ceballos, Alejandro Travaini, Javier Bustamante and Martín Funes, The Wilson Bulletin, Vol. 107, No. 4 (Dec 1995), pp. 675-685 ♦ 14Gibson, D. I., Bray, R. A., & Harris, E. A. (Compilers) (2005). Host-Parasite Database of the Natural History Museum, London ♦ 15International Flea DatabaseEcoregions provided by World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF). WildFinder: Online database of species distributions, ver. 01.06 Wildfinder Database |
Species taxanomy provided by GBIF Secretariat (2022). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2023-06-13; License: CC BY 4.0
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