World Species : Protected Area : Kutai National Park

Kutai National Park

Location:	East Kalimantan, Indonesia
IUCN Category:	II
Area:	560,076 acres (226,655 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Af (Climate: equatorial; Precipitation: fully humid)

Ecoregions

Borneo lowland rain forests
Southwest Borneo freshwater swamp forests
Sunda Shelf mangroves
Sundaland heath forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A						B						C				D

Share	20 %	20 %	30 %	10 %	10 %	10 %	20 %	20 %	30 %	10 %	10 %	10 %	50 %	30 %	10 %	10 %	50 %	30 %	10 %	10 %
Soil Type	Orthic Acrisols	Orthic Acrisols	Dystric Cambisols	Dystric Fluvisols	Gleyic Acrisols	Ferric Acrisols	Dystric Fluvisols	Dystric Fluvisols	Dystric Gleysols	Dystric Regosols	Dystric Histosols	Dystric Cambisols	Humic Gleysols	Dystric Fluvisols	Dystric Histosols	Thionic Fluvisols	Cambic Arenosols	Dystric Cambisols	Dystric Fluvisols	Humic Acrisols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Fine	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Fine	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Fine	Medium	Medium	Medium	Coarse	Medium	Medium	Medium
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Poor	Poor	Moderately well	Poor	Very poor	Poor	Moderately well	Very poor	Moderately well	Very poor	Poor	Very poor	Poor	Somewhat excessive	Moderately well	Poor	Moderately well
Available Water Capacity	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	100 m	150 m	150 m	150 m
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	10 %	4 %	10 %	4 %	9 %	23 %	4 %	4 %	2 %	20 %	1 %	10 %	7 %	4 %	1 %	4 %	4 %	10 %	4 %	5 %
Sand	49 %	29 %	41 %	49 %	34 %	53 %	49 %	12 %	40 %	42 %	26 %	41 %	17 %	49 %	26 %	30 %	89 %	41 %	49 %	46 %
Silt	27 %	25 %	39 %	32 %	43 %	22 %	32 %	35 %	39 %	37 %	33 %	39 %	31 %	32 %	33 %	41 %	6 %	39 %	32 %	30 %
Clay	24 %	46 %	20 %	19 %	23 %	25 %	19 %	53 %	21 %	21 %	41 %	20 %	52 %	19 %	41 %	29 %	5 %	20 %	19 %	24 %
USDA Texture	Sandy clay loam	Clay	Loam	Loam	Loam	Sandy clay loam	Loam	Clay	Loam	Loam	Clay	Loam	Clay	Loam	Clay	Clay loam	Sand	Loam	Loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.4 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.4 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	0.15 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.47 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	0.15 g/cm³	1.19 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	1 %	1.07 %	1.45 %	1.1 %	0.83 %	0.98 %	1.1 %	2.22 %	1.25 %	1.37 %	30.73 %	1.45 %	4.2 %	1.1 %	30.73 %	3 %	0.4 %	1.45 %	1.1 %	1.73 %
PH	4.6	4.6	5.1	5	4.9	5.1	5	4.8	5.1	5.1	4.4	5.1	5	5	4.4	4.5	6.4	5.1	5	5
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	16 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	30 cmol kg⁻¹	24 cmol kg⁻¹	18 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	24 cmol kg⁻¹	25 cmol kg⁻¹	24 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	46 cmol kg⁻¹	30 cmol kg⁻¹	34 cmol kg⁻¹	24 cmol kg⁻¹	46 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	30 cmol kg⁻¹	24 cmol kg⁻¹	19 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	7 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	24 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	77 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	77 cmol kg⁻¹	18 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	44 %	38 %	37 %	36 %	30 %	49 %	36 %	55 %	47 %	22 %	58 %	37 %	22 %	36 %	58 %	93 %	100 %	37 %	36 %	27 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	3.5 cmol kg⁻¹	5.7 cmol kg⁻¹	4.1 cmol kg⁻¹	2.9 cmol kg⁻¹	1.9 cmol kg⁻¹	2.7 cmol kg⁻¹	2.9 cmol kg⁻¹	11.9 cmol kg⁻¹	5.5 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	24.8 cmol kg⁻¹	4.1 cmol kg⁻¹	8.3 cmol kg⁻¹	2.9 cmol kg⁻¹	24.8 cmol kg⁻¹	16.7 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	4.1 cmol kg⁻¹	2.9 cmol kg⁻¹	2.5 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	1 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	0 %	3 %	1 %	2 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	10 %	4 %	20 %	8 %	7 %	19 %	8 %	3 %	4 %	35 %	5 %	20 %	1 %	8 %	5 %	8 %	4 %	20 %	8 %	7 %
Sand	40 %	23 %	45 %	52 %	28 %	41 %	52 %	22 %	41 %	44 %	41 %	45 %	21 %	52 %	41 %	25 %	89 %	45 %	52 %	41 %
Silt	24 %	22 %	35 %	28 %	38 %	20 %	28 %	32 %	34 %	35 %	30 %	35 %	27 %	28 %	30 %	41 %	5 %	35 %	28 %	26 %
Clay	36 %	55 %	20 %	20 %	34 %	39 %	20 %	46 %	25 %	21 %	29 %	20 %	52 %	20 %	29 %	34 %	6 %	20 %	20 %	33 %
USDA Texture	Clay loam	Clay	Loam	Loam	Clay loam	Clay loam	Loam	Clay	Loam	Loam	Clay loam	Loam	Clay	Loam	Clay loam	Clay loam	Sand	Loam	Loam	Clay loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.32 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.25 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.68 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.34 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.4 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.29 g/cm³	1.48 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.29 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	0.11 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.65 g/cm³	1.29 g/cm³	0.11 g/cm³	1.16 g/cm³	1.52 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.29 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.42 %	0.46 %	0.5 %	0.42 %	0.3 %	0.39 %	0.42 %	0.65 %	0.4 %	0.6 %	34.81 %	0.5 %	1.23 %	0.42 %	34.81 %	1.6 %	0.21 %	0.5 %	0.42 %	0.77 %
PH	4.8	4.9	5.2	5	4.7	5	5	4.6	5.2	4.9	4.5	5.2	5.1	5	4.5	3.6	6.3	5.2	5	5.2
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	14 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	36 cmol kg⁻¹	22 cmol kg⁻¹	22 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	22 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	18 cmol kg⁻¹	84 cmol kg⁻¹	36 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	22 cmol kg⁻¹	84 cmol kg⁻¹	26 cmol kg⁻¹	37 cmol kg⁻¹	36 cmol kg⁻¹	22 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	6 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	79 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	79 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	32 %	23 %	33 %	28 %	20 %	33 %	28 %	55 %	47 %	25 %	56 %	33 %	31 %	28 %	56 %	77 %	100 %	33 %	28 %	21 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	2.3 cmol kg⁻¹	2.7 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	1.9 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	1.3 cmol kg⁻¹	1.9 cmol kg⁻¹	12.9 cmol kg⁻¹	6.1 cmol kg⁻¹	2.1 cmol kg⁻¹	28.4 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	5.7 cmol kg⁻¹	1.9 cmol kg⁻¹	28.4 cmol kg⁻¹	11.9 cmol kg⁻¹	2.5 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	1.9 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	5 %	3 %	1 %	2 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263