World Species : Protected Area : Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park

Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park

Location:	Sulawesi, Indonesia
IUCN Category:	II
Area:	770,291 acres (311,726 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Website:	View website
Climate:	View Climate Data
Köppen climate classification:	Af (Climate: equatorial; Precipitation: fully humid)

Ecoregions

Sulawesi lowland rain forests
Sulawesi montane rain forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A				B						C					D

Share	70 %	10 %	10 %	10 %	20 %	20 %	20 %	20 %	10 %	10 %	25 %	25 %	30 %	10 %	10 %	80 %	10 %	10 %
Soil Type	Humic Acrisols	Lithosols	Humic Ferralsols	Orthic Acrisols	Orthic Acrisols	Orthic Acrisols	Dystric Cambisols	Humic Acrisols	Chromic Cambisols	Gleyic Acrisols	Dystric Fluvisols	Dystric Fluvisols	Dystric Cambisols	Dystric Regosols	Humic Gleysols	Eutric Nitosols	Chromic Luvisols	Eutric Fluvisols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Fine	Medium	Medium	Fine	Medium	Medium	Fine	Medium	Medium	Medium	Fine	Medium	Medium
Reference Depth	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Poor	Poor	Very poor	Moderately well	Moderately well	Poor	Moderately well	Moderately well	Poor
Available Water Capacity	150 m	15 mm	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	5 %	26 %	3 %	10 %	10 %	4 %	10 %	5 %	3 %	9 %	4 %	4 %	10 %	20 %	4 %	1 %	9 %	4 %
Sand	46 %	43 %	53 %	49 %	49 %	29 %	41 %	46 %	20 %	34 %	49 %	12 %	41 %	42 %	33 %	17 %	47 %	39 %
Silt	30 %	34 %	20 %	27 %	27 %	25 %	39 %	30 %	30 %	43 %	32 %	35 %	39 %	37 %	45 %	27 %	29 %	41 %
Clay	24 %	23 %	27 %	24 %	24 %	46 %	20 %	24 %	50 %	23 %	19 %	53 %	20 %	21 %	22 %	56 %	24 %	20 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Loam	Sandy clay loam	Sandy clay loam	Sandy clay loam	Clay	Loam	Loam	Clay	Loam	Loam	Clay	Loam	Loam	Loam	Clay	Loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.39 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.3 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.2 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.2 g/cm³	1.32 g/cm³	1.54 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	1.73 %	1.4 %	2.34 %	1 %	1 %	1.07 %	1.45 %	1.73 %	1.43 %	0.83 %	1.1 %	2.22 %	1.45 %	1.37 %	3.71 %	1.74 %	0.86 %	0.9 %
PH	5	7.6	4.8	4.6	4.6	4.6	5.1	5	6.8	4.9	5	4.8	5.1	5.1	5.5	6	6.4	7.3
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	19 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	30 cmol kg⁻¹	19 cmol kg⁻¹	35 cmol kg⁻¹	18 cmol kg⁻¹	24 cmol kg⁻¹	25 cmol kg⁻¹	30 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	33 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	38 cmol kg⁻¹	62 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	9 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	24 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	18 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	27 %	100 %	20 %	44 %	44 %	38 %	37 %	27 %	91 %	30 %	36 %	55 %	37 %	22 %	34 %	72 %	89 %	91 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	2.5 cmol kg⁻¹	15.6 cmol kg⁻¹	1.2 cmol kg⁻¹	3.5 cmol kg⁻¹	3.5 cmol kg⁻¹	5.7 cmol kg⁻¹	4.1 cmol kg⁻¹	2.5 cmol kg⁻¹	20.8 cmol kg⁻¹	1.9 cmol kg⁻¹	2.9 cmol kg⁻¹	11.9 cmol kg⁻¹	4.1 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	3.1 cmol kg⁻¹	11.9 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	16.4 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	3.9 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	1 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	1 %	4 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	7 %		3 %	10 %	10 %	4 %	20 %	7 %	4 %	7 %	8 %	3 %	20 %	35 %	5 %	23 %	8 %	8 %
Sand	41 %		53 %	40 %	40 %	23 %	45 %	41 %	20 %	28 %	52 %	22 %	45 %	44 %	37 %	13 %	39 %	41 %
Silt	26 %		18 %	24 %	24 %	22 %	35 %	26 %	29 %	38 %	28 %	32 %	35 %	35 %	35 %	19 %	27 %	38 %
Clay	33 %		29 %	36 %	36 %	55 %	20 %	33 %	51 %	34 %	20 %	46 %	20 %	21 %	28 %	68 %	34 %	21 %
USDA Texture	Clay loam		Sandy clay loam	Clay loam	Clay loam	Clay	Loam	Clay loam	Clay	Clay loam	Loam	Clay	Loam	Loam	Clay loam	Clay (heavy)	Clay loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.34 g/cm³		1.38 g/cm³	1.32 g/cm³	1.32 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.34 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.25 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.18 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.35 g/cm³		1.17 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.48 g/cm³	1.29 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.46 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.52 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.77 %		1.12 %	0.42 %	0.42 %	0.46 %	0.5 %	0.77 %	0.6 %	0.3 %	0.42 %	0.65 %	0.5 %	0.6 %	0.69 %	0.56 %	0.38 %	0.4 %
PH	5.2		5	4.8	4.8	4.9	5.2	5.2	7.2	4.7	5	4.6	5.2	4.9	5.6	5.9	6.3	7.5
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	15 cmol kg⁻¹		7 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	36 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	33 cmol kg⁻¹	22 cmol kg⁻¹	22 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	36 cmol kg⁻¹	18 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	58 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	7 cmol kg⁻¹		5 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	21 %		40 %	32 %	32 %	23 %	33 %	21 %	97 %	20 %	28 %	55 %	33 %	25 %	62 %	76 %	93 %	97 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	3 cmol kg⁻¹		4.1 cmol kg⁻¹	2.3 cmol kg⁻¹	2.3 cmol kg⁻¹	2.7 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	19.5 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	1.9 cmol kg⁻¹	12.9 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	2.1 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	10.9 cmol kg⁻¹	12.3 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %		0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.5 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	3.9 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %		0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	1 %		3 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	4 %	1 %	1 %	3 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263