Animalia > Chordata > Aves > Passeriformes > Bombycillidae > Bombycilla > Bombycilla garrulus

Bombycilla garrulus (Bohemian Waxwing)

Synonyms: Ampelis garrulus; Lanius garrulus (homotypic); Lanius spec
Language: French

Wikipedia Abstract

The Bohemian waxwing (Bombycilla garrulus) is a starling-sized passerine bird that breeds in the northern forests of Eurasia and North America. It has mainly buff-grey plumage, black face markings and a pointed crest. Its wings are patterned with white and bright yellow, and some feather tips have the red waxy appearance that give this species its English name. The three subspecies show only minor differences in appearance. Females are similar to males, although young birds are less well-marked and have few or no waxy wingtips. Although the Bohemian waxwing's range overlaps those of the cedar and Japanese waxwings, it is easily distinguished from them by size and plumage differences.
View Wikipedia Record: Bombycilla garrulus

Infraspecies

Bombycilla garrulus centralasiae
Bombycilla garrulus garrulus
Bombycilla garrulus pallidiceps

EDGE Analysis

Uniqueness Scale: Similiar (0) 
8
 Unique (100)
Uniqueness & Vulnerability Scale: Similiar & Secure (0) 
32
 Unique & Vulnerable (100)
ED Score: 16.0034
EDGE Score: 2.83341
Learn more at EDGE of Existence programme

Attributes

Adult Weight [1]  62 grams
Birth Weight [1]  3.8 grams
Breeding Habitat [2]  Boreal forests
Wintering Geography [2]  Northern U.S./Canada
Wintering Habitat [2]  Boreal forests
Diet [3]  Carnivore (Invertebrates), Frugivore, Herbivore
Diet - Fruit [3]  50 %
Diet - Invertibrates [3]  30 %
Diet - Plants [3]  20 %
Forages - Aerial [3]  20 %
Forages - Mid-High [3]  40 %
Forages - Understory [3]  40 %
Clutch Size [6]  6
Clutches / Year [5]  1
Fledging [4]  21 days
Global Population (2017 est.) [2]  4,600,000
Incubation [5]  14 days
Mating Display [7]  Ground display
Mating System [7]  Monogamy
Maximum Longevity [5]  13 years
Wing Span [8]  13 inches (.34 m)
Female Maturity [5]  1 year
Male Maturity [5]  1 year

Ecoregions

Protected Areas

+ Click for partial list (100)Full list (207)

Ecosystems

Important Bird Areas

Biodiversity Hotspots

Name Location Endemic Species Website
California Floristic Province Mexico, United States No
Caucasus Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Russia, Turkey No
Irano-Anatolian Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Turkmenistan No
Japan Japan No
Mountains of Central Asia Afghanistan, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan No

Prey / Diet

Malus sylvestris (Crab Apple)[9]
Sorbus aucuparia (Mountain Ash)[9]
Tipula paludosa (European crane fly)[9]
Viburnum opulus (European cranberrybush)[9]

Prey / Diet Overlap

+ Click for partial list (47)Full list (195)

Predators

Glaucidium gnoma (Northern Pygmy-Owl)[10]

Consumers

Parasitized by 
Brachylaima mesostoma[11]
Ceratophyllus diffinis[12]

Range Map

External References

NatureServe Explorer

Citations

Attributes / relations provided by
♦ 1Storchová, Lenka; Hořák, David (2018), Data from: Life-history characteristics of European birds, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n6k3n
♦ 2Partners in Flight Avian Conservation Assessment Database, version 2017. Accessed on January 2018.
♦ 3Hamish Wilman, Jonathan Belmaker, Jennifer Simpson, Carolina de la Rosa, Marcelo M. Rivadeneira, and Walter Jetz. 2014. EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology 95:2027
♦ 4Nathan P. Myhrvold, Elita Baldridge, Benjamin Chan, Dhileep Sivam, Daniel L. Freeman, and S. K. Morgan Ernest. 2015. An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles. Ecology 96:3109
♦ 5de Magalhaes, J. P., and Costa, J. (2009) A database of vertebrate longevity records and their relation to other life-history traits. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22(8):1770-1774
♦ 6Jetz W, Sekercioglu CH, Böhning-Gaese K (2008) The Worldwide Variation in Avian Clutch Size across Species and Space PLoS Biol 6(12): e303. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060303
♦ 7Terje Lislevand, Jordi Figuerola, and Tamás Székely. 2007. Avian body sizes in relation to fecundity, mating system, display behavior, and resource sharing. Ecology 88:1605
♦ 8British Trust for Ornithology
♦ 9Ecology of Commanster
♦ 10DIETS OF NORTHERN PYGMY-OWLS AND NORTHERN SAW-WHET OWLS IN WEST-CENTRAL MONTANA, DENVER W. HOLT AND LESLIE A. LEROUX, Wilson Bull., 108(1), 1996, pp. 123-128
♦ 11Gibson, D. I., Bray, R. A., & Harris, E. A. (Compilers) (2005). Host-Parasite Database of the Natural History Museum, London
♦ 12International Flea Database
Ecoregions provided by World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF). WildFinder: Online database of species distributions, ver. 01.06 Wildfinder Database
Biodiversity Hotspots provided by Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund
Abstract provided by DBpedia licensed under a Creative Commons License
Species taxanomy provided by GBIF Secretariat (2022). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2023-06-13; License: CC BY 4.0