Animalia > Chordata > Aves > Columbiformes > Columbidae > Columba > Columba livia

Columba livia (Rock Pigeon; Rock Dove; Common Pigeon; pigeon biset)

Synonyms: Columba livia feral
Language: French; Spanish

Wikipedia Abstract

The rock dove or rock pigeon (/ˈpɪdʒ.ən/ also /ˈpɪdʒ.ɪn/; Columba livia) is a member of the bird family Columbidae (doves and pigeons). In common usage, this bird is often simply referred to as the "pigeon". The species includes the domestic pigeon, including the fancy pigeon. Escaped domestic pigeons have given rise to populations of feral pigeons around the world.
View Wikipedia Record: Columba livia

Infraspecies

Columba livia atlantis
Columba livia butleri
Columba livia canariensis
Columba livia dakhlae
Columba livia domestica
Columba livia f. domestica
Columba livia f. livia
Columba livia fasciata
Columba livia gaddi
Columba livia gymnocycla
Columba livia intermedia
Columba livia lazaretensis
Columba livia livia (Feral rock dove)
Columba livia neglecta
Columba livia nigricans
Columba livia palaestinae
Columba livia schimperi
Columba livia targia
Columba livia var. domestica
Columba livia var. livia

Invasive Species

View ISSG Record: Columba livia

EDGE Analysis

Uniqueness Scale: Similiar (0) 
1
 Unique (100)
Uniqueness & Vulnerability Scale: Similiar & Secure (0) 
14
 Unique & Vulnerable (100)
ED Score: 4.51029
EDGE Score: 1.70662
Learn more at EDGE of Existence programme

Attributes

Adult Weight [1]  334 grams
Birth Weight [3]  15 grams
Female Weight [5]  270 grams
Male Weight [5]  307 grams
Weight Dimorphism [5]  13.7 %
Breeding Habitat [2]  Generalist, Agricultural
Wintering Geography [2]  Non-migrartory
Wintering Habitat [2]  Generalist, Agricultural
Diet [4]  Carnivore (Invertebrates), Granivore, Herbivore
Diet - Invertibrates [4]  10 %
Diet - Plants [4]  30 %
Diet - Seeds [4]  60 %
Forages - Understory [4]  20 %
Forages - Ground [4]  80 %
Clutch Size [6]  2
Clutches / Year [3]  3
Fledging [5]  31 days
Global Population (2017 est.) [2]  150,000,000
Incubation [3]  18 days
Mating Display [7]  Ground and non-acrobatic aerial display
Mating System [7]  Monogamy
Maximum Longevity [3]  35 years
Speed [8]  36.641 MPH (16.38 m/s)
Wing Span [9]  27 inches (.69 m)
Female Maturity [3]  4 months 20 days
Male Maturity [3]  4 months 20 days

Ecoregions

Protected Areas

+ Click for partial list (100)Full list (452)

Ecosystems

Biodiversity Hotspots

Prey / Diet

Prey / Diet Overlap

Full list (194)
Competing SpeciesCommon Prey Count
Coracina novaehollandiae (Black-faced Cuckooshrike)2
Ducula bicolor (Pied Imperial Pigeon)2
Eudynamys scolopaceus (Asian Koel)2
Scythrops novaehollandiae (Channel-billed Cuckoo)2

Predators

Consumers

Range Map

External References

NatureServe Explorer

Audio

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Provided by Birds Of A Feather on Myxer

Citations

Attributes / relations provided by
♦ 1Storchová, Lenka; Hořák, David (2018), Data from: Life-history characteristics of European birds, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n6k3n
♦ 2Partners in Flight Avian Conservation Assessment Database, version 2017. Accessed on January 2018.
♦ 3de Magalhaes, J. P., and Costa, J. (2009) A database of vertebrate longevity records and their relation to other life-history traits. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22(8):1770-1774
♦ 4Hamish Wilman, Jonathan Belmaker, Jennifer Simpson, Carolina de la Rosa, Marcelo M. Rivadeneira, and Walter Jetz. 2014. EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology 95:2027
♦ 5Nathan P. Myhrvold, Elita Baldridge, Benjamin Chan, Dhileep Sivam, Daniel L. Freeman, and S. K. Morgan Ernest. 2015. An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles. Ecology 96:3109
♦ 6Jetz W, Sekercioglu CH, Böhning-Gaese K (2008) The Worldwide Variation in Avian Clutch Size across Species and Space PLoS Biol 6(12): e303. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060303
♦ 7Terje Lislevand, Jordi Figuerola, and Tamás Székely. 2007. Avian body sizes in relation to fecundity, mating system, display behavior, and resource sharing. Ecology 88:1605
♦ 8Alerstam T, Rosén M, Bäckman J, Ericson PGP, Hellgren O (2007) Flight Speeds among Bird Species: Allometric and Phylogenetic Effects. PLoS Biol 5(8): e197. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050197
♦ 9DETERMINATION OF BODY DENSITY FOR TWELVE BIRD SPECIES, DAVID M. HAMERSHOCK, THOMAS W. SEAMANS, GLEN E. BERNHARDT, WRIGHT LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH (1993)
♦ 10"Fig-eating by vertebrate frugivores: a global review", MIKE SHANAHAN, SAMSON SO, STEPHEN G. COMPTON and RICHARD CORLETT, Biol. Rev. (2001), 76, pp. 529–572
♦ 11Jorrit H. Poelen, James D. Simons and Chris J. Mungall. (2014). Global Biotic Interactions: An open infrastructure to share and analyze species-interaction datasets. Ecological Informatics.
♦ 12del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
♦ 13Olsen, J., Judge, D., Fuentes, E., Rose, AB and Debus, S. (2010). Diets of Wedge-tailed Eagles (Aquila audax) and Little Eagles (Hieraaetus morphnoides) breeding near Canberra, Australia Journal of Raptor Research 44: 50–61
♦ 14Pande, S. & N. Dahanukar (2011). The diet of Indian Eagle Owl Bubo bengalensis and its agronomic significance. Journal of Threatened Taxa 3(8): 2011–2017.
♦ 15Naoroji, R. (2011). Breeding of the Red-headed Falcon Falco chicquera in Saurashtra, Gujarat, India. Forktail, 27, 1-6.
♦ 16Olsen, J., E. Fuentes, DM Bird, AB Rose, and D. Judge. 2008. Dietary shifts based upon prey availability in Peregrine Falcons and Australian Hobbies breeding near Canberra, Australia Journal of Raptor Research 42:125–137
♦ 17THE PARASITIC FAUNA AND THE FOOD HABITS OF THE WILD JUNGLE CAT FELIS CHAUS FURAX DE WINTON, 1898 IN IRAQ, Mohammad K. Mohammad, Bull. Iraq nat. Hist. Mus. (2008) 10(2): 65-78
♦ 18Conservation status and limiting factors in the endangered population of Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus) in the Canary Islands, José A. Donázar, César J. Palacios, Laura Gangoso, Olga Ceballos, María J. González and Fernando Hiraldo, Biological Conservation 107 (2002) 89–97
♦ 19Gibson, D. I., Bray, R. A., & Harris, E. A. (Compilers) (2005). Host-Parasite Database of the Natural History Museum, London
♦ 20International Flea Database
♦ 21Species Interactions of Australia Database, Atlas of Living Australia, Version ala-csv-2012-11-19
Ecoregions provided by World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF). WildFinder: Online database of species distributions, ver. 01.06 Wildfinder Database
Biodiversity Hotspots provided by Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund
Abstract provided by DBpedia licensed under a Creative Commons License
Audio software provided by SoundManager 2
Species taxanomy provided by GBIF Secretariat (2022). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2023-06-13; License: CC BY 4.0