World Species : Protected Area : Grampians National Park

Grampians National Park

Location:	Victoria, Australia
IUCN Category:	II
Area:	416,373 acres (168,500 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Website:	View website
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Cfb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)

Ecoregions

Murray-Darling woodlands and mallee
Southeast Australia temperate forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A						B						C						D				E

Share	30 %	20 %	20 %	10 %	10 %	10 %	20 %	20 %	30 %	10 %	10 %	10 %	20 %	20 %	30 %	10 %	10 %	10 %	50 %	20 %	20 %	10 %	20 %	20 %	30 %	10 %	10 %	10 %
Soil Type	Eutric Regosols	Orthic Luvisols	Lithosols	Solodic Planosols	Ferric Luvisols	Chromic Luvisols	Orthic Solonetz	Orthic Solonetz	Solodic Planosols	Pellic Vertisols	Calcic Luvisols	Chromic Luvisols	Orthic Solonetz	Orthic Solonetz	Solodic Planosols	Orthic Luvisols	Calcic Luvisols	Chromic Luvisols	Solodic Planosols	Orthic Solonetz	Podzols	Orthic Luvisols	Solodic Planosols	Solodic Planosols	Dystric Planosols	Orthic Solonetz	Orthic Luvisols	Chromic Luvisols
Topsoil Texture	Coarse	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Coarse	Medium	Medium	Fine	Medium	Medium	Coarse	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Coarse	Medium	Coarse	Medium	Coarse	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Somewhat excessive	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Poor	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Poor	Poor	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Poor	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Poor	Moderately well	Somewhat excessive	Moderately well	Poor	Poor	Poor	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well
Available Water Capacity	100 m	150 m	15 mm	150 m	150 m	150 m	15 m	50 m	150 m	125 m	150 m	150 m	15 m	50 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	100 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m
Phase 1							Petrocalcic	Petrocalcic					Petrocalcic	Petrocalcic
Misc. Property										Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	18 %	4 %	26 %	4 %	11 %	9 %	4 %	6 %	4 %	2 %	6 %	9 %	4 %	6 %	4 %	4 %	6 %	9 %	4 %	6 %	3 %	4 %	4 %	4 %	4 %	6 %	4 %	9 %
Sand	83 %	47 %	43 %	41 %	56 %	47 %	78 %	47 %	41 %	20 %	50 %	47 %	78 %	47 %	41 %	47 %	50 %	47 %	76 %	47 %	87 %	47 %	76 %	41 %	41 %	47 %	47 %	47 %
Silt	11 %	32 %	34 %	35 %	20 %	29 %	12 %	28 %	35 %	24 %	29 %	29 %	12 %	28 %	35 %	32 %	29 %	29 %	13 %	28 %	9 %	32 %	13 %	35 %	39 %	28 %	32 %	29 %
Clay	6 %	21 %	23 %	24 %	24 %	24 %	10 %	25 %	24 %	56 %	21 %	24 %	10 %	25 %	24 %	21 %	21 %	24 %	11 %	25 %	4 %	21 %	11 %	24 %	20 %	25 %	21 %	24 %
USDA Texture	Loamy sand	Loam	Loam	Loam	Sandy clay loam	Loam	Sandy loam	Loam	Loam	Clay	Loam	Loam	Sandy loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Sandy loam	Loam	Loamy sand	Loam	Sandy loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.67 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.58 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.58 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.56 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.56 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.42 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.48 g/cm³	1.54 g/cm³	1.49 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.54 g/cm³	1.49 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.54 g/cm³	1.46 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.46 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.54 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.5 %	0.82 %	1.4 %	0.85 %	0.74 %	0.86 %	0.73 %	0.66 %	0.85 %	1.2 %	0.5 %	0.86 %	0.73 %	0.66 %	0.85 %	0.82 %	0.5 %	0.86 %	0.45 %	0.66 %	2.08 %	0.82 %	0.45 %	0.85 %	1.21 %	0.66 %	0.82 %	0.86 %
PH	6.6	6.2	7.6	6.3	6.3	6.4	6.8	8.1	6.3	6.8	8.1	6.4	6.8	8.1	6.3	6.2	8.1	6.4	6.2	8.1	4.4	6.2	6.2	6.3	4.5	8.1	6.2	6.4
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	54 cmol kg⁻¹	35 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	34 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	38 cmol kg⁻¹	48 cmol kg⁻¹	46 cmol kg⁻¹	34 cmol kg⁻¹	68 cmol kg⁻¹	53 cmol kg⁻¹	38 cmol kg⁻¹	48 cmol kg⁻¹	46 cmol kg⁻¹	34 cmol kg⁻¹	35 cmol kg⁻¹	53 cmol kg⁻¹	38 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	46 cmol kg⁻¹	73 cmol kg⁻¹	35 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	34 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	46 cmol kg⁻¹	35 cmol kg⁻¹	38 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	5 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	94 %	88 %	100 %	73 %	85 %	89 %	76 %	100 %	73 %	100 %	100 %	89 %	76 %	100 %	73 %	88 %	100 %	89 %	77 %	100 %	16 %	88 %	77 %	73 %	30 %	100 %	88 %	89 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	4.4 cmol kg⁻¹	8.3 cmol kg⁻¹	15.6 cmol kg⁻¹	8.4 cmol kg⁻¹	6.1 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	7.8 cmol kg⁻¹	21.1 cmol kg⁻¹	8.4 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	18.9 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	7.8 cmol kg⁻¹	21.1 cmol kg⁻¹	8.4 cmol kg⁻¹	8.3 cmol kg⁻¹	18.9 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	5.1 cmol kg⁻¹	21.1 cmol kg⁻¹	2.4 cmol kg⁻¹	8.3 cmol kg⁻¹	5.1 cmol kg⁻¹	8.4 cmol kg⁻¹	9.2 cmol kg⁻¹	21.1 cmol kg⁻¹	8.3 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0 %	3.9 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	5.8 %	0 %	0.2 %	10.8 %	0 %	0.1 %	5.8 %	0 %	0 %	10.8 %	0 %	0 %	5.8 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	5.8 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	3 %	1 %	4 %	5 %	2 %	1 %	6 %	13 %	5 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	6 %	13 %	5 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	6 %	13 %	1 %	1 %	6 %	5 %	2 %	13 %	1 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.6 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.6 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.6 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.6 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	21 %	5 %		4 %	10 %	8 %	12 %	8 %	4 %	4 %	10 %	8 %	12 %	8 %	4 %	5 %	10 %	8 %	7 %	8 %	3 %	5 %	7 %	4 %	4 %	8 %	5 %	8 %
Sand	81 %	40 %		36 %	44 %	39 %	64 %	40 %	36 %	20 %	46 %	39 %	64 %	40 %	36 %	40 %	46 %	39 %	59 %	40 %	86 %	40 %	59 %	36 %	28 %	40 %	40 %	39 %
Silt	11 %	29 %		22 %	19 %	27 %	12 %	27 %	22 %	22 %	29 %	27 %	12 %	27 %	22 %	29 %	29 %	27 %	13 %	27 %	9 %	29 %	13 %	22 %	31 %	27 %	29 %	27 %
Clay	8 %	31 %		42 %	37 %	34 %	24 %	33 %	42 %	58 %	25 %	34 %	24 %	33 %	42 %	31 %	25 %	34 %	28 %	33 %	5 %	31 %	28 %	42 %	41 %	33 %	31 %	34 %
USDA Texture	Loamy sand	Clay loam		Clay	Clay loam	Clay loam	Sandy clay loam	Clay loam	Clay	Clay	Loam	Clay loam	Sandy clay loam	Clay loam	Clay	Clay loam	Loam	Clay loam	Sandy clay loam	Clay loam	Loamy sand	Clay loam	Sandy clay loam	Clay	Clay	Clay loam	Clay loam	Clay loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.62 g/cm³	1.34 g/cm³		1.29 g/cm³	1.32 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.29 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.29 g/cm³	1.34 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.34 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.29 g/cm³	1.28 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.34 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.29 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³		1.41 g/cm³	1.47 g/cm³	1.52 g/cm³	1.63 g/cm³	1.58 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.61 g/cm³	1.52 g/cm³	1.63 g/cm³	1.58 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.61 g/cm³	1.52 g/cm³	1.63 g/cm³	1.58 g/cm³	1.57 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.63 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.58 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.52 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.3 %	0.39 %		0.43 %	0.34 %	0.38 %	0.28 %	0.29 %	0.43 %	0.63 %	0.32 %	0.38 %	0.28 %	0.29 %	0.43 %	0.39 %	0.32 %	0.38 %	0.22 %	0.29 %	0.51 %	0.39 %	0.22 %	0.43 %	0.36 %	0.29 %	0.39 %	0.38 %
PH	6.7	6.2		6.9	6	6.3	8.3	8.5	6.9	7.4	8.2	6.3	8.3	8.5	6.9	6.2	8.2	6.3	6.6	8.5	4.8	6.2	6.6	6.9	4.8	8.5	6.2	6.3
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	48 cmol kg⁻¹	33 cmol kg⁻¹		39 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	51 cmol kg⁻¹	57 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	71 cmol kg⁻¹	49 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	51 cmol kg⁻¹	57 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	33 cmol kg⁻¹	49 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	57 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	33 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	57 cmol kg⁻¹	33 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	4 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹		15 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	19 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	43 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	19 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	19 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	19 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	75 %	87 %		81 %	77 %	93 %	87 %	100 %	81 %	100 %	100 %	93 %	87 %	100 %	81 %	87 %	100 %	93 %	86 %	100 %	21 %	87 %	86 %	81 %	57 %	100 %	87 %	93 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	2.8 cmol kg⁻¹	9.6 cmol kg⁻¹		12.5 cmol kg⁻¹	6.6 cmol kg⁻¹	12.3 cmol kg⁻¹	16.4 cmol kg⁻¹	35.7 cmol kg⁻¹	12.5 cmol kg⁻¹	44.5 cmol kg⁻¹	24.1 cmol kg⁻¹	12.3 cmol kg⁻¹	16.4 cmol kg⁻¹	35.7 cmol kg⁻¹	12.5 cmol kg⁻¹	9.6 cmol kg⁻¹	24.1 cmol kg⁻¹	12.3 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	35.7 cmol kg⁻¹	1.4 cmol kg⁻¹	9.6 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	12.5 cmol kg⁻¹	15.8 cmol kg⁻¹	35.7 cmol kg⁻¹	9.6 cmol kg⁻¹	12.3 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0 %		2.4 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	7.4 %	2.4 %	3.4 %	13 %	0 %	0.1 %	7.4 %	2.4 %	0 %	13 %	0 %	1.8 %	7.4 %	0 %	0 %	1.8 %	2.4 %	0 %	7.4 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %		0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	3 %	1 %		12 %	2 %	1 %	30 %	39 %	12 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	30 %	39 %	12 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	23 %	39 %	2 %	1 %	23 %	12 %	2 %	39 %	1 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	2.7 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	2.7 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	2.7 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	2.7 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263