World Species : Protected Area : Palamau Tiger Reserve

Palamau Tiger Reserve

Location:	Bihar, India
IUCN Category:	II
Area:	329,056 acres (133,164 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Website:	View website
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Cwa (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: winter dry; Temperature: hot summer)

Ecoregions

Chhota-Nagpur dry deciduous forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A				B		C

Share	50 %	30 %	10 %	10 %	50 %	50 %	60 %	20 %	20 %
Soil Type	Eutric Cambisols	Orthic Luvisols	Calcaric Fluvisols	Calcic Cambisols	Lithosols	Chromic Luvisols	Ferric Luvisols	Gleyic Luvisols	Chromic Luvisols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Coarse	Medium	Medium
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Moderately well	Moderately well	Poor	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Poor	Moderately well
Available Water Capacity	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	15 mm	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	9 %	4 %	10 %	10 %	26 %	9 %	7 %	5 %	9 %
Sand	42 %	47 %	35 %	38 %	43 %	47 %	79 %	42 %	47 %
Silt	36 %	32 %	47 %	41 %	34 %	29 %	11 %	36 %	29 %
Clay	22 %	21 %	18 %	21 %	23 %	24 %	10 %	22 %	24 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Sandy loam	Loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.4 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.59 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.37 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.54 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.54 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	1 %	0.82 %	0.6 %	0.63 %	1.4 %	0.86 %	0.53 %	0.94 %	0.86 %
PH	6.6	6.2	8	8	7.6	6.4	6.3	6.1	6.4
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	55 cmol kg⁻¹	35 cmol kg⁻¹	65 cmol kg⁻¹	56 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	38 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	46 cmol kg⁻¹	38 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	16 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	4 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	93 %	88 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	89 %	76 %	89 %	89 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	13.8 cmol kg⁻¹	8.3 cmol kg⁻¹	19.8 cmol kg⁻¹	27.1 cmol kg⁻¹	15.6 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	4 cmol kg⁻¹	9.8 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0 %	11.7 %	7 %	3.9 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0.2 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	4 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.7 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	12 %	5 %	11 %	10 %		8 %	4 %	6 %	8 %
Sand	40 %	40 %	37 %	36 %		39 %	68 %	35 %	39 %
Silt	35 %	29 %	45 %	41 %		27 %	10 %	32 %	27 %
Clay	25 %	31 %	18 %	23 %		34 %	22 %	33 %	34 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Clay loam	Loam	Loam		Clay loam	Sandy clay loam	Clay loam	Clay loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.38 g/cm³	1.34 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³		1.33 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.32 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.39 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.46 g/cm³		1.52 g/cm³	1.55 g/cm³	1.59 g/cm³	1.52 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.4 %	0.39 %	0.4 %	0.43 %		0.38 %	0.3 %	0.28 %	0.38 %
PH	7	6.2	8.1	8.2		6.3	6.1	6.5	6.3
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	51 cmol kg⁻¹	33 cmol kg⁻¹	84 cmol kg⁻¹	57 cmol kg⁻¹		40 cmol kg⁻¹	22 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	15 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹		15 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	93 %	87 %	100 %	100 %		93 %	70 %	96 %	93 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	14.4 cmol kg⁻¹	9.6 cmol kg⁻¹	20.7 cmol kg⁻¹	30.7 cmol kg⁻¹		12.3 cmol kg⁻¹	4.7 cmol kg⁻¹	14.3 cmol kg⁻¹	12.3 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0.1 %	0 %	12.2 %	10 %		0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0.3 %	0.2 %		0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %	1 %	3 %	1 %		1 %	2 %	1 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.5 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263