Diet Overlap

Columba livia (Rock Pigeon)
Passer domesticus (House Sparrow)

Common Diet

Ficus thonningii (Chinese banyan)

Common Habitat

Acadia National Park
Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests
AISTHITIKO DASOS KALAVRYTON
Al Hajar montane woodlands
Al Wathba Wetland Reserve
Alai-Western Tian Shan steppe
Alejandro de Humboldt National Park
Algonquin Provincial Park
Alps conifer and mixed forests
Altai alpine meadow and tundra
Altai steppe and semi-desert
Alto Golfo de California y Delta del Rio Colorado
Amistad National Recreation Area
Anatolian conifer and deciduous mixed forests
Antietam National Battlefield
Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, CA
Apostle Islands National Lakeshore
Appenine deciduous montane forests
Arabian Desert and East Sahero-Arabian xeric shrublands
Arabian Peninsula coastal fog desert
Arches National Park
Arkansas Post National Memorial
Astrakhanskiy Biosphere Reserve
Atlantic mixed forests
Audubon National Wildlife Refuge
Augrabies Falls National Park
Azerbaijan shrub desert and steppe
Azraq Wetland Reserve
Aztec Ruins National Monument
Badghyz and Karabil semi-desert
Badlands National Park
Balkan mixed forests
Baltic mixed forests
Baluchistan xeric woodlands
Bandhavgarh National Park
Banff National Park
Barguzinskiy Biosphere Reserve
Bayhead
Belovezhskaya Pushcha Biosphere Reserve
Berezinskiy Zapovednik
Bialowieza National Park
Big Bend Biosphere Reserve
Big Cypress National Preserve
Big Morongo Canyon Preserve
Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area
Biscayne National Park
Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge
Bluff Nature Reserve
Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge
Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests
Bruce Peninsula National Park
Bryce Canyon National Park
Buffalo National River
Buxa Tiger Reserve
Cabrillo National Monument
Caledon conifer forests
California Coast Ranges Biosphere Reserve
Calvin College Ecosystem Preserve
Canaveral National Seashore
Cantabrian mixed forests
Cap de cala Figuera
Cap Enderrocat-cap Blanc
Cape Breton Highlands National Park
Cape Cod National Seashore
Cape Hatteras National Seashore
Cape Lookout National Seashore
Cape Peninsula National Park
Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge
Capital Reef National Park
Carapá Biological Refuge
Carlsbad Caverns National Park
Carolinian-South Atlantic Biosphere Reserve
Carpathian montane forests
Carrizo Plain Preserve
Casa Grande National Monument
Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests
Caspian lowland desert
Caucasus
Caucasus mixed forests
Cedar Creek LTER Site
Celtic broadleaf forests
Central Afghan Mountains xeric woodlands
Central Anatolian deciduous forests
Central Anatolian steppe
Central Asian northern desert
Central Asian riparian woodlands
Central Asian southern desert
Central Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests
Central European mixed forests
Central Indochina dry forests
Central Persian desert basins
Central Plains Biosphere Reserve
Central Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe
Chaco Culture National Historical Park
Chail Sanctuary
Champlain-Adirondack Biosphere Reserve
Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary
Channel Islands National Park
Chernye Zemli Biosphere Reserve
Chhota-Nagpur dry deciduous forests
Chickasaw National Recreation Area
Chippewa Nature Center
Chumbi-Surla Wildlife Sanctuary
Colonial National Historic Park
Colorado National Monument
Congaree Swamp National Park
Coorong National Park
Corbett National Park
Corsican montane broadleaf and mixed forests
Costa Brava de Mallorca
Costa Nord de Ciutadella
Cosumnes River Preserve
Crater Lake National Park
Creighton Ranch Preserve
Crete Mediterranean forests
Crimean Submediterranean forest complex
Crosswinds Marsh
Cumberland Island National Seashore
Curecanti National Recreation Area
Cuyahoga Valley National Park
Cyprus Mediterranean forests
Daan Viljoen Game Park
Dana
Darvinsky Zapovednik
Daurskiy Biosphere Reserve
Death Valley National Park
Deccan thorn scrub forests
Deer Flat National Wildlife Refuge
Dels Alocs a Fornells
Desert National Park
DESFILADERO DE LOS GAITANES
Dinaric Mountains mixed forests
Dinosaur National Monument
East Afghan montane conifer forests
East Deccan dry-evergreen forests
East European forest steppe
Eastern Afromontane
Eastern Anatolian deciduous forests
Eastern Anatolian montane steppe
Eastern highlands moist deciduous forests
Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows
Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests
Eastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests
Eastern Mediterranean conifer-sclerophyllous-broadleaf forests
Edwin S. George Reserve
Effigy Mounds National Monument
El Malpais National Monument
El Palmar
Elburz Range forest steppe
Elk Island National Park
Elkhorn Slough Preserve
EMBALSE DE LOS CANCHALES
Emin Valley steppe
English Lowlands beech forests
Erawan National Park
Euxine-Colchic broadleaf forests
Farallon National Wildlife Refuge
Faroe Islands boreal grasslands
Fathom Five National Marine Park
Felsenthal National Wildlife Refuge
Flinders Chase National Park
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary
Flusslandschaft Elbe Biosphere Reserve
Foret Domaniale du Circeo
Forillon National Park
Fort Caroline National Memorial
Fort Pulaski National Monument
Fossil Butte National Monument
Fundy National Park
Gajner Game Reserve
Galichia Gora Zapovednik
Gateway National Recreation Area
George WA Carver National Monument
George Washington Birthplace National Monument
Georgian Bay Islands National Park
Gettysburg National Military Park
Gissaro-Alai open woodlands
Glen Canyon National Recreation Area
Goadavari-Krishna mangroves
Golden Gate Highlands National Park
Golden Gate National Recreation Area
Gorge of Samaria National Park
Grampians National Park
Grand Canyon National Park
Grandfather Mountain
Grasslands National Park
Gray Lodge State Wildlife Area
Great Basin National Park
Great Smoky Mountains National Park
Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge
Gros Morne National Park
Guadalupe Mountains National Park
Guilford Courthouse National Military Park
Gulf of Oman desert and semi-desert
Haleakala National Park
Hawaii Volcanoes National Park
Hawaiian Islands Biosphere Reserve
Herbert Hoover National Historic Site
Himalaya
Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests
Himalayan subtropical pine forests
Hlane Royal National Park
Homestead National Monument of America
Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site
Horn of Africa
Hot Springs National Park
Hubbard Brook Biosphere Reserve
Iberian conifer forests
Iberian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests
Iceland boreal birch forests and alpine tundra
Illots de Ponent
Illyrian deciduous forests
Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore
Indo-Burma
Indus River Delta-Arabian Sea mangroves
Indus Valley desert
Irano-Anatolian
Irrawaddy dry forests
Irrawaddy freshwater swamp forests
Irrawaddy moist deciduous forests
Isle of Rum National Nature Reserve
Itabó Biological Reserve
Italian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests
Jasper National Park
Jepson Prairie Preserve
Joshua Tree National Park
Junggar Basin semi-desert
Kalahari Gemsbok National Park
Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park
Kanha Tiger Reserve
Karadagskiy Zapovednik
Karkonosze
Karoo National Park
Kavkazskiy Biosphere Reserve
Kaweah Oaks Preserve
Kayah-Karen montane rain forests
Kazakh upland
Kellogg Biological Station LTER Site
Kenneth Stainbank Nature Reserve
Keoladeo (Bharatpur) National Park
Kern River Preserve
Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests
Khazar Zapovednik
Knife River Indian Villages National Hist. Site
Konza Prairie Biosphere Reserve
Kootenay National Park
Kopet Dag semi-desert
Kopet Dag woodlands and forest steppe
Kouchibouguac National Park
Krkonose
Kruger National Park
Kudremukh National Park
Kuh Rud and Eastern Iran montane woodlands
La Mauricie National Park
La Mola i s'Albufera de Fornells
La Trapa
La Vall
Lake Meredith National Recreation Area
Lake Roosevelt National Recreation Area
Lake Superior Provincial Park
Lal Suhanra National Park
Land Between the Lakes Biosphere Reserve
Lanín National Park
Laplandskiy Biosphere Reserve
Lava Beds National Monument
Limoy Biological Reserve
Little St. Simons Island
Long Point Biosphere Reserve
Los Alerces National Park
Los Glaciares National Park
Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests
Luberon
Malabar Coast moist forests
Malindi-Watamu Biosphere Reserve
Manchurian mixed forests
Marakele National Park
Mbaracayú Biological Refuge
Mediterranean acacia-argania dry woodlands and succulent thickets
Mediterranean Basin
Mediterranean dry woodlands and steppe
Mediterranean High Atlas juniper steppe
Mediterranean woodlands and forests
Meghalaya subtropical forests
Mesa Verde National Park
Mesopotamian shrub desert
Middle East steppe
Mingan Archipelago National Park Reserve
Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rain forests
Mojave and Colorado Deserts Biosphere Reserve
Mondragó
MONFRAGÜE Y LAS DEHESAS DEL ENTORNO
Mongolian-Manchurian grassland
Montezuma Castle National Monument
Mount Tamalpais State Park
Mountain Zebra National Park
Mountains of Central Asia
Muir Woods National Monument
Mujib Nature Reserve
Nairobi National Park
Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests
National Capital Parks - Central
Neusiedler See-Osterreichischer Teil
New Germany Nature Reserve
New Jersey Pinelands Biosphere Reserve
New River Gorge National River
Nez Perce National Historical Park
Niagara Escarpment Biosphere Reserve
Norfolk Island
North America
North Atlantic moist mixed forests
North Park Nature Reserve
North Saharan steppe and woodlands
North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests
North Western Ghats montane rain forests
Northeast India-Myanmar pine forests
Northeastern Spain and Southern France Mediterranean forests
Northern Anatolian conifer and deciduous forests
Northern dry deciduous forests
Northern Khorat Plateau moist deciduous forests
Northern Works
Northwest Iberian montane forests
Northwestern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows
Northwestern thorn scrub forests
Oak Ridge National Environmental Research Park
Ocmulgee National Monument
Okskiy Biosphere Reserve
Olympic Biosphere Reserve
Organ Pipe Cactus Biosphere Reserve
Orissa semi-evergreen forests
Ozark National Scenic Riverways
Pacific Rim National Park Reserve
Padre Island National Seashore
Palamau Tiger Reserve
Palava Protected Landscape Area
Pamir alpine desert and tundra
Pannonian mixed forests
Paropamisus xeric woodlands
Parque Atlantico Mar Chiquita
Parque Nacional Serranía San Luis
Pechoro-Ilychskiy Biosphere Reserve
Persian Gulf desert and semi-desert
Philip L. Boyd Deep Canyon Desert Research Center
Pigeon Valley Nature Reserve
Pikyry Biological Refuge
Pindus Mountains mixed forests
Pinnacles National Monument
Pipestone National Monument
Po Basin mixed forests
Point Pelee National Park
Point Reyes National Seashore
Pong Lake Sanctuary
Pontic steppe
Prespa National Park
Prince Edward Island National Park
Prioksko-Terrasny Biosphere Reserve
Pukaskwa National Park
Puukohola Heiau National Historic Site
Pyrenees conifer and mixed forests
Rajaji National Park
Rann of Kutch seasonal salt marsh
Red Sea Nubo-Sindian tropical desert and semi-desert
Redberry Lake Biosphere Reserve
Redwood National Park
Registan-North Pakistan sandy desert
Reserva de la Biosfera de Urdaibai
Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra Gorda
Reserva de la Michilia
Reserva de Mapimi
Reserva Ecologica de Ñacuñan
Reserva Natural Otamendi
Reserve Srebarna
Richtersveld National Park
Río Negro National Park
Río Pilcomayo National Park
Riverland Biosphere Reserve
Rodope montane mixed forests
Rondeau Provincial Park
Roosfontein Nature Reserve
Royal Chitwan National Park
S'Albufera des Grau
Sa Dragonera
Saguaro National Park
Sahara desert
Saint Croix International Historic Site
Saint Lawrence Islands National Park
Saint-Gaudens National Historic Site
Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge
Samuel P. Taylor State Park
San Dimas Biosphere Reserve
San Joaquin Biosphere Reserve
San Juan Island National Historical Park
San Rafael, Reserva de Recursos Manejados
Santa Cruz Island Preserve
Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area
Saratoga National Historical Park
Sarmatic mixed forests
Sayan Alpine meadows and tundra
Sayano-Shushenskiy Biosphere Reserve
Scandinavian and Russian taiga
Scandinavian coastal conifer forests
Scandinavian Montane Birch forest and grasslands
Scotts Bluff National Monument
Sequoia and Kings Canyon Biosphere Reserve
Ses Salines d'Eivissa i Formentera
Sevilleta LTER Site
Shongweni Resources Reserve
Shortgrass Steppe LTER Site
SIERRA NEVADA
SIERRA SUBBETICA
SIERRAS CENTRALES Y EMBALSE DE ALANGE
SIERRAS DE CAZORLA, SEGURA Y LAS VILLAS
Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore
Sokhondinskiy Biosphere Reserve
South Appenine mixed montane forests
South Atlantic Coastal Plain Biosphere Reserve
South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests
South Iran Nubo-Sindian desert and semi-desert
South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests
South Western Ghats montane rain forests
Southeastern Iberian shrubs and woodlands
Southern Anatolian montane conifer and deciduous forests
Southern Appalachian Biosphere Reserve
Southwest Iberian Mediterranean sclerophyllous and mixed forests
Southwestern Arabian foothills savanna
Southwestern Arabian montane woodlands
Sri Lanka dry-zone dry evergreen forests
Sri Lanka lowland rain forests
Sri Lanka montane rain forests
St. Kilda National Nature Reserve
Sulaiman Range alpine meadows
Sundarbans freshwater swamp forests
Sundarbans mangroves
Syunt-Khasardagh Zapovednik
Tagomago
Taklimakan desert
Tal Chhaper Wildlife Sanctuary
Tatí Yupí Biological Refuge
Tawas Point State Park
Tennessee River Gorge
Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands
Terra Nova National Park
Thar desert
Tian Shan foothill arid steppe
Tian Shan montane conifer forests
Tian Shan montane steppe and meadows
Tierra Del Fuego National Park
Tigris-Euphrates alluvial salt marsh
TORCAL DE ANTEQUERA
Treasure Beach Nature Reserve
Trebon Basin Protected Landscape Area
Triglav National Park
Tsentral'no-Chernozemny Biosphere Reserve
Tsentral'no-Lesnoy Biosphere Reserve
Tsitsikamma National Park
Tyrrhenian-Adriatic sclerophyllous and mixed forests
Ubsunurskaya Kotlovina (Ubsunur Depression)
Umbogavango Nature Reserve
Umgeni River
Umhlanga Lagoon
Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests
Upper Miss. River Nat'l Wildlife Refuge
Valley Forge National Historical Park
Vicksburg National Military Park
Virginia Bush Nature Reserve
Virginia Coast Biosphere Reserve
Voronezhskiy Biosphere Reserve
Voyageurs National Park
Wadi Rum Protected Area
Wapusk National Park
Weenen Nature Reserve
West Caprivi Game Reserve
West Coast National Park
Western European broadleaf forests
Western Ghats and Sri Lanka
Western Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows
Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests
Western Michigan University’s Asylum Lake
Wheeler National Wildlife Refuge
Whiskey-Shasta-Trinity National Recreation Area
White Sands National Monument
Wilderness National Park
Wilson's Creek National Battlefield
Wind Cave National Park
Yarlung Tsangpo arid steppe
Yellowstone Biosphere Reserve
Yoho National Park
Ypacaraí National Park
Zagros Mountains forest steppe

Attributes / relations provided by
♦ 1"Fig-eating by vertebrate frugivores: a global review", MIKE SHANAHAN, SAMSON SO, STEPHEN G. COMPTON and RICHARD CORLETT, Biol. Rev. (2001), 76, pp. 529–572