Pong Lake Sanctuary

Location:Himachal Pradesh, India
IUCN Category:IV
Area:61,391 acres (24,844 hectares)
Species:All  Endangered  Invasive
Climate:View Climate Data
Land Use:View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:Cwa (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: winter dry; Temperature: hot summer)

Ecoregions

Himalayan subtropical pine forests
Western Himalayan broadleaf forests

Soils

Protected Area Boundary
 AB
   
Share70 %30 %60 %20 %20 %
Soil TypeOrthic LuvisolsChromic LuvisolsEutric RegosolsDystric RegosolsEutric Cambisols
Topsoil TextureCoarseMediumMediumMediumMedium
Reference Depth100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm
DrainageModerately wellModerately wellModerately wellModerately wellModerately well
Available Water Capacity150 m150 m100 m150 m150 m
Phase 1  Stony  
Topsoil Properties
Gravel4 %9 %27 %20 %9 %
Sand81 %47 %47 %42 %42 %
Silt9 %29 %34 %37 %36 %
Clay10 %24 %19 %21 %22 %
USDA TextureLoamy sandLoamLoamLoamLoam
Reference Bulk Density1.59 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³1.43 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.41 g/cm³1.54 g/cm³1.21 g/cm³1.37 g/cm³1.37 g/cm³
Organic Carbon0.57 %0.86 %0.97 %1.37 %1 %
PH6.26.46.45.16.6
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity32 cmol kg⁻¹38 cmol kg⁻¹41 cmol kg⁻¹23 cmol kg⁻¹55 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity5 cmol kg⁻¹12 cmol kg⁻¹12 cmol kg⁻¹11 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation89 %89 %79 %22 %93 %
Total Exchangeable Bases4.3 cmol kg⁻¹10 cmol kg⁻¹15.1 cmol kg⁻¹2.6 cmol kg⁻¹13.8 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium3 %1 %1 %2 %2 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel4 %8 %28 %35 %12 %
Sand70 %39 %50 %44 %40 %
Silt9 %27 %32 %35 %35 %
Clay21 %34 %18 %21 %25 %
USDA TextureSandy clay loamClay loamLoamLoamLoam
Reference Bulk Density1.46 g/cm³1.33 g/cm³1.44 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.46 g/cm³1.52 g/cm³1.46 g/cm³1.53 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³
Organic Carbon0.3 %0.38 %0.4 %0.6 %0.4 %
PH6.16.36.94.97
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity22 cmol kg⁻¹40 cmol kg⁻¹55 cmol kg⁻¹18 cmol kg⁻¹51 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity5 cmol kg⁻¹15 cmol kg⁻¹11 cmol kg⁻¹6 cmol kg⁻¹15 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation81 %93 %85 %25 %93 %
Total Exchangeable Bases4.3 cmol kg⁻¹12.3 cmol kg⁻¹10.3 cmol kg⁻¹2.1 cmol kg⁻¹14.4 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate0 %0 %0.1 %0 %0.1 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium3 %1 %2 %2 %2 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263