World Species : Protected Area : San Rafael, Reserva de Recursos Manejados

San Rafael, Reserva de Recursos Manejados

Location:	Paraguay
IUCN Category:	VI
Area:	165,840 acres (67,113 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Cfa (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: hot summer)

Ecoregions

Alta Paraná Atlantic forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A				B			C

Share	40 %	30 %	15 %	15 %	50 %	35 %	15 %	70 %	30 %
Soil Type	Umbric Gleysols	Eutric Planosols	Gleyic Lixisols	Plinthic Acrisols	Plinthic Acrisols	Haplic Lixisols	Eutric Gleysols	Eutric Leptosols	Eutric Leptosols
Topsoil Texture	Fine	Medium	Fine	Fine	Fine	Fine	Fine	Medium	Medium
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	30 cm	30 cm
Drainage	Very poor	Poor	Poor	Poor	Poor	Moderately well	Very poor	Imperfectly	Imperfectly
Available Water Capacity	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	50 mm	50 mm
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	30 %	0 %	13 %	28 %
Sand	17 %	40 %	11 %	8 %	8 %	27 %	15 %	31 %	51 %
Silt	38 %	31 %	41 %	20 %	20 %	32 %	35 %	37 %	26 %
Clay	45 %	29 %	48 %	72 %	72 %	41 %	50 %	32 %	23 %
USDA Texture	Clay	Clay loam	Silty clay	Clay (heavy)	Clay (heavy)	Clay	Clay	Clay loam	Sandy clay loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.24 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.15 g/cm³	1.15 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.32 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.22 g/cm³	1.46 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.34 g/cm³	1.29 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.83 %	0.94 %	1.37 %	1.47 %	1.47 %	0.17 %	1.41 %	1.9 %	1.81 %
PH	5.8	6.9	5.5	5	5	5.5	7.9	5.7	5.9
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	41 cmol kg⁻¹	33 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	38 cmol kg⁻¹	28 cmol kg⁻¹	37 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	19 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	19 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	24 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	34 %	83 %	93 %	45 %	45 %	79 %	100 %	87 %	90 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	6.5 cmol kg⁻¹	11.6 cmol kg⁻¹	17.7 cmol kg⁻¹	4.5 cmol kg⁻¹	4.5 cmol kg⁻¹	11.1 cmol kg⁻¹	24 cmol kg⁻¹	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹	13.5 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0.1 %	0.7 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	2 %	0 %	0.1 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %	3 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity	0 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	0 %	0 %	0 %	3 %	3 %	60 %	0 %
Sand	40 %	12 %	23 %	5 %	5 %	31 %	10 %
Silt	38 %	41 %	24 %	12 %	12 %	30 %	39 %
Clay	22 %	47 %	53 %	83 %	83 %	39 %	51 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Silty clay	Clay	Clay (heavy)	Clay (heavy)	Clay loam	Clay
Reference Bulk Density	1.39 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.13 g/cm³	1.13 g/cm³	1.29 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.53 g/cm³	1.49 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.47 g/cm³	1.47 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.61 %	0.36 %	0.67 %	0.85 %	0.85 %	0.09 %	0.93 %
PH	6.5	8.4	5.2	4.7	4.7	5.6	8.1
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	32 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	34 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	9 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	28 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	78 %	98 %	59 %	31 %	31 %	77 %	100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	7 cmol kg⁻¹	19.6 cmol kg⁻¹	16.5 cmol kg⁻¹	2.8 cmol kg⁻¹	2.8 cmol kg⁻¹	12.3 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0.3 %	2.8 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	2 %
Calcium Sulphate	0.1 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %
Exchangeable Sodium	3 %	3 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263