World Species : Protected Area : Marakele National Park

Marakele National Park

Location:	Limpopo, South Africa
IUCN Category:	II
Area:	163,507 acres (66,169 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Website:	View website
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	BSh (Climate: arid; Precipitation: steppe; Temperature: hot arid)

Ecoregions

Southern Africa bushveld

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A	B				C				D				E	F			G

Share		32 %	21 %	31 %	16 %	53 %	16 %	20 %	11 %	67 %	18 %	10 %	5 %		73 %	16 %	11 %	32 %	21 %	31 %	16 %
Soil Type	Haplic Arenosols	Eutric Leptosols	Haplic Acrisols	Haplic Acrisols	Albic Plinthosols	Lithic Leptosols	Haplic Acrisols	Lithic Leptosols	Haplic Acrisols	Ferric Lixisols	Albic Plinthosols	Albic Plinthosols	Ferric Lixisols	Ferric Luvisols	Lithic Leptosols	Lithic Leptosols	Lithic Leptosols	Eutric Leptosols	Haplic Acrisols	Haplic Acrisols	Albic Plinthosols
Topsoil Texture	Coarse	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
Reference Depth	100 cm	30 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	10 cm	10 cm	30 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Somewhat excessive	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Poor	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Poor	Poor	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Poor
Available Water Capacity	100 m	50 mm	150 m	150 m	150 m	15 mm	150 m	15 mm	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	15 mm	15 mm	15 mm	50 mm	150 m	150 m	150 m
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	1 %	20 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	20 %	1 %	20 %	1 %	0 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	0 %	20 %	20 %	20 %	20 %	1 %	1 %	1 %
Sand	89 %	50 %	57 %	57 %	51 %	43 %	57 %	43 %	57 %	69 %	51 %	51 %	67 %	69 %	43 %	43 %	43 %	50 %	57 %	57 %	51 %
Silt	6 %	30 %	19 %	19 %	28 %	29 %	19 %	29 %	19 %	11 %	28 %	28 %	15 %	13 %	29 %	29 %	29 %	30 %	19 %	19 %	28 %
Clay	5 %	20 %	24 %	24 %	21 %	28 %	24 %	28 %	24 %	20 %	21 %	21 %	18 %	18 %	28 %	28 %	28 %	20 %	24 %	24 %	21 %
USDA Texture	Sand	Loam	Sandy clay loam	Sandy clay loam	Loam	Clay loam	Sandy clay loam	Clay loam	Sandy clay loam	Sandy clay loam	Loam	Loam	Sandy loam	Sandy loam	Clay loam	Clay loam	Clay loam	Loam	Sandy clay loam	Sandy clay loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.7 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.46 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.47 g/cm³	1.47 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.5 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.49 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.23 %	0.72 %	0.8 %	0.8 %	0.61 %	0.39 %	0.8 %	0.39 %	0.8 %	1.04 %	0.61 %	0.61 %	0.72 %	0.7 %	0.39 %	0.39 %	0.39 %	0.72 %	0.8 %	0.8 %	0.61 %
PH	6.1	6.5	5.1	5.1	4.8	7.5	5.1	7.5	5.1	6.7	4.8	4.8	6.2	7.2	7.5	7.5	7.5	6.5	5.1	5.1	4.8
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	40 cmol kg⁻¹	49 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	51 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	51 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	18 cmol kg⁻¹	51 cmol kg⁻¹	51 cmol kg⁻¹	51 cmol kg⁻¹	49 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	3 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	91 %	87 %	51 %	51 %	45 %	100 %	51 %	100 %	51 %	83 %	45 %	45 %	85 %	96 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	87 %	51 %	51 %	45 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	2.7 cmol kg⁻¹	10.4 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	2.3 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	6.6 cmol kg⁻¹	2.3 cmol kg⁻¹	2.3 cmol kg⁻¹	5.1 cmol kg⁻¹	5.8 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	10.4 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	2.3 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0.5 %	0.8 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	3.1 %	0 %	3.1 %	0 %	1 %	0 %	0 %	0.5 %	1.7 %	3.1 %	3.1 %	3.1 %	0.8 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	3 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	3.1 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	1 %		1 %	1 %	1 %		1 %		1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	0 %					1 %	1 %	1 %
Sand	90 %		48 %	48 %	43 %		48 %		48 %	56 %	43 %	43 %	56 %	68 %					48 %	48 %	43 %
Silt	5 %		17 %	17 %	23 %		17 %		17 %	14 %	23 %	23 %	14 %	11 %					17 %	17 %	23 %
Clay	5 %		35 %	35 %	34 %		35 %		35 %	30 %	34 %	34 %	30 %	21 %					35 %	35 %	34 %
USDA Texture	Sand		Sandy clay	Sandy clay	Clay loam		Sandy clay		Sandy clay	Sandy clay loam	Clay loam	Clay loam	Sandy clay loam	Sandy clay loam					Sandy clay	Sandy clay	Clay loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.7 g/cm³		1.34 g/cm³	1.34 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³		1.34 g/cm³		1.34 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³					1.34 g/cm³	1.34 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.53 g/cm³		1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³		1.4 g/cm³		1.4 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.52 g/cm³					1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.11 %		0.36 %	0.36 %	0.26 %		0.36 %		0.36 %	0.32 %	0.26 %	0.26 %	0.32 %	0.33 %					0.36 %	0.36 %	0.26 %
PH	6.1		5	5	5		5		5	5.9	5	5	5.9	6.5					5	5	5
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	38 cmol kg⁻¹		10 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹		10 cmol kg⁻¹		10 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹					10 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	2 cmol kg⁻¹		5 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹		5 cmol kg⁻¹		5 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	4 cmol kg⁻¹					5 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	98 %		35 %	35 %	45 %		35 %		35 %	76 %	45 %	45 %	76 %	86 %					35 %	35 %	45 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	2 cmol kg⁻¹		1.8 cmol kg⁻¹	1.8 cmol kg⁻¹	2.7 cmol kg⁻¹		1.8 cmol kg⁻¹		1.8 cmol kg⁻¹	4.6 cmol kg⁻¹	2.7 cmol kg⁻¹	2.7 cmol kg⁻¹	4.6 cmol kg⁻¹	3.4 cmol kg⁻¹					1.8 cmol kg⁻¹	1.8 cmol kg⁻¹	2.7 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0.5 %		0 %	0 %	0 %		0 %		0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0.7 %					0 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %		0 %	0 %	0 %		0 %		0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %					0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	3 %		2 %	2 %	2 %		2 %		2 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	2 %					2 %	2 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0 dS m-1		0 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0 dS m-1		0 dS m-1		0 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0 dS m-1					0 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263