Effigy Mounds National Monument

Location:Iowa, United States
IUCN Category:V
Area:1,296 acres (525 hectares)
Species:All  Endangered  Invasive
Website:View website
Climate:View Climate Data
Land Use:View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:Dfa (Climate: snow; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: hot summer)

Ecoregions

Upper Midwest forest-savanna transition

Soils

Protected Area Boundary
 A
  
Share60 %30 %10 %
Soil TypeOrthic LuvisolsLithosolsFluvisols
Topsoil TextureMediumMediumMedium
Reference Depth100 cm10 cm100 cm
DrainageModerately wellImperfectlyPoor
Available Water Capacity150 m15 mm150 m
Topsoil Properties
Gravel4 %26 %4 %
Sand47 %43 %39 %
Silt32 %34 %41 %
Clay21 %23 %20 %
USDA TextureLoamLoamLoam
Reference Bulk Density1.41 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.42 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³1.36 g/cm³
Organic Carbon0.82 %1.4 %0.8 %
PH6.27.67.7
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity35 cmol kg⁻¹42 cmol kg⁻¹53 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity11 cmol kg⁻¹15 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation88 %100 %93 %
Total Exchangeable Bases8.3 cmol kg⁻¹15.6 cmol kg⁻¹13.5 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate0 %3.9 %1 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium1 %4 %2 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel5 % 8 %
Sand40 % 41 %
Silt29 % 39 %
Clay31 % 20 %
USDA TextureClay loam Loam
Reference Bulk Density1.34 g/cm³ 1.41 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.5 g/cm³ 1.39 g/cm³
Organic Carbon0.39 % 0.4 %
PH6.2 7.9
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity33 cmol kg⁻¹ 56 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity12 cmol kg⁻¹ 12 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation87 % 99 %
Total Exchangeable Bases9.6 cmol kg⁻¹ 13.7 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate0 % 3.4 %
Calcium Sulphate0 % 0 %
Exchangeable Sodium1 % 3 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-1 0.1 dS m-1
Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263