World Species : Protected Area : TORCAL DE ANTEQUERA

TORCAL DE ANTEQUERA

Location:	Spain
Area:	4,954 acres (2,005 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Csa (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: summer dry; Temperature: hot summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Iberian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A				B				C

Share	50 %	25 %	20 %	5 %	70 %	20 %	5 %	5 %	60 %	40 %
Soil Type	Rendzic Leptosols	Humic Cambisols	Lithic Leptosols	Chromic Luvisols	Calcaric Cambisols	Calcaric Regosols	Chromic Luvisols	Haplic Solonchaks	Calcaric Cambisols	Calcaric Regosols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Fine	Fine	Fine	Fine	Medium	Medium
Reference Depth	30 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well
Available Water Capacity	50 mm	50 m	15 mm	50 m	50 m	15 m	50 m	50 m	150 m	100 m
Phase 1		Lithic		Lithic	Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly	Saline
Phase 2					Petrocalcic		Petrocalcic	Gravelly
Root Obstacle		20 - 40 cm		20 - 40 cm	None to 80 cm	20 - 40 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	20 - 40 cm
Impermeable Layer		None to 150 cm		None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	40 - 80 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	40 - 80 cm
Soil Water Regime		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	16 %	8 %	21 %	12 %	5 %	48 %	4 %	4 %	6 %	14 %
Sand	37 %	41 %	42 %	48 %	19 %	22 %	27 %	19 %	36 %	44 %
Silt	44 %	36 %	34 %	28 %	32 %	36 %	27 %	29 %	43 %	35 %
Clay	19 %	23 %	24 %	24 %	49 %	42 %	46 %	52 %	21 %	21 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Clay	Clay	Clay	Clay	Loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.41 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.24 g/cm³	1.1 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.28 g/cm³	1.28 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	2.13 %	2.72 %	1.61 %	0.83 %	0.87 %	1.83 %	1.2 %	0.54 %	0.65 %	0.75 %
PH	7.5	5.3	7.5	6.3	7.8	7.6	6.3	8.9	8	8
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	80 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	57 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	48 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	27 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	30 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	19 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	100 %	25 %	100 %	88 %	100 %	62 %	79 %	100 %	100 %	100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	28.8 cmol kg⁻¹	5.4 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	46.6 cmol kg⁻¹	12.9 cmol kg⁻¹	13.4 cmol kg⁻¹	46.5 cmol kg⁻¹	24.3 cmol kg⁻¹	26.8 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	6 %	0 %	3.9 %	0 %	4.9 %	3 %	0 %	3 %	7 %	15 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0.4 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %	1 %	3 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	43 %	1 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	5.9 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel		6 %		8 %	5 %	33 %	6 %	6 %	10 %	18 %
Sand		44 %		41 %	23 %	21 %	21 %	33 %	34 %	40 %
Silt		32 %		25 %	35 %	36 %	25 %	28 %	43 %	35 %
Clay		24 %		34 %	42 %	43 %	54 %	39 %	23 %	25 %
USDA Texture		Loam		Clay loam	Clay	Clay	Clay	Clay	Loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density		1.39 g/cm³		1.33 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.25 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.29 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³
Bulk Density		1.16 g/cm³		1.51 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³
Organic Carbon		1.07 %		0.4 %	0.39 %	0.5 %	0.58 %	0.38 %	0.43 %	0.47 %
PH		5.3		6.4	8.1	7.8	6.4	9	8.1	8.1
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity		37 cmol kg⁻¹		41 cmol kg⁻¹	58 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	33 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	54 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity		14 cmol kg⁻¹		15 cmol kg⁻¹	26 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation		30 %		90 %	100 %	55 %	83 %	100 %	100 %	100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases		2.5 cmol kg⁻¹		12 cmol kg⁻¹	44.8 cmol kg⁻¹	11.6 cmol kg⁻¹	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹	55.3 cmol kg⁻¹	28.7 cmol kg⁻¹	36.5 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate		0 %		0 %	11.2 %	3 %	0 %	3 %	8.7 %	15 %
Calcium Sulphate		0 %		0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.5 %	0.4 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium		2 %		1 %	2 %	3 %	1 %	42 %	1 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity		0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	14.8 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263