Animalia > Chordata > Aves > Passeriformes > Emberizidae > Pipilo > Pipilo chlorurusPipilo chlorurus (Green-tailed Towhee)Synonyms: Chlorura chlorura; Fringilla chlorura Language: French; Spanish The green-tailed towhee (Pipilo chlorurus) is the smallest towhee, but is still one of the larger members of the American sparrow family Emberizidae. Its breeding range covers most of the interior Western United States, with a winter range in Mexico and the southern edge of the Southwestern United States. This bird can be recognized by the bright green stripes on the edge of its wings. It has a distinct white throat and a rufous cap. It measures 7.25 in (18.4 cm) long and weighs 29 g (1.0 oz). |
Uniqueness Scale: Similiar (0) Unique (100) Uniqueness & Vulnerability Scale: Similiar & Secure (0) Unique & Vulnerable (100) ED Score: 3.98496 EDGE Score: 1.60643 |
Adult Weight [1] | 29 grams | Birth Weight [3] | 4 grams |  | Breeding Habitat [2] | Sagebrush | Wintering Geography [2] | Southwestern Aridlands | Wintering Habitat [2] | Desert scrub, Desert riparian |  | Diet [4] | Carnivore (Invertebrates), Frugivore, Granivore | Diet - Fruit [4] | 20 % | Diet - Invertibrates [4] | 40 % | Diet - Seeds [4] | 40 % | Forages - Understory [4] | 30 % | Forages - Ground [4] | 70 % |  | Clutch Size [5] | 4 | Clutches / Year [6] | 2 | Fledging [1] | 12 days | Global Population (2017 est.) [2] | 4,800,000 | Incubation [3] | 12 days | Mating System [8] | Monogamy | Maximum Longevity [3] | 8 years | Migration [7] | Intracontinental |  | Female Maturity [3] | 1 year | Male Maturity [3] | 1 year |
|
Name |
Countries |
Ecozone |
Biome |
Species |
Report |
Climate |
Land Use |
Arizona Mountains forests |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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Baja California desert |
Mexico |
Nearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Bajío dry forests |
Mexico |
Neotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests |
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California coastal sage and chaparral |
Mexico, United States |
Nearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
|
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Central and Southern Cascades forests |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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Central Mexican matorral |
Mexico |
Nearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
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Chihuahuan desert |
Mexico, United States |
Nearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Colorado Plateau shrublands |
United States |
Nearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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|
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Colorado Rockies forests |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
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East Central Texas forests |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
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Eastern Cascades forests |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
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Edwards Plateau savanna |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Great Basin montane forests |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
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Great Basin shrub steppe |
United States |
Nearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Gulf of California xeric scrub |
Mexico |
Nearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
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|
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Klamath-Siskiyou forests |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
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|
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Meseta Central matorral |
Mexico |
Nearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Mojave desert |
United States |
Nearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
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|
|
Montana Valley and Foothill grasslands |
Canada, United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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North Central Rockies forests |
Canada, United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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|
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Northern California coastal forests |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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Northern short grasslands |
Canada, United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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San Lucan xeric scrub |
Mexico |
Neotropic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Sierra de la Laguna dry forests |
Mexico |
Neotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests |
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Sierra de la Laguna pine-oak forests |
Mexico |
Neotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Coniferous Forests |
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Sierra Juarez and San Pedro Martir pine-oak forests |
Mexico |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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Sierra Madre de Oaxaca pine-oak forests |
Mexico |
Neotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Coniferous Forests |
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Sierra Madre del Sur pine-oak forests |
Mexico |
Neotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Coniferous Forests |
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Sierra Madre Occidental pine-oak forests |
Mexico, United States |
Nearctic |
Tropical and Subtropical Coniferous Forests |
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Sierra Madre Oriental pine-oak forests |
Mexico, United States |
Nearctic |
Tropical and Subtropical Coniferous Forests |
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Sierra Nevada forests |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
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Sinaloan dry forests |
Mexico |
Neotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests |
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Snake-Columbia shrub steppe |
United States |
Nearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Sonoran desert |
Mexico, United States |
Nearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Sonoran-Sinaloan transition subtropical dry forest |
Mexico |
Nearctic |
Tropical and Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests |
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South Central Rockies forests |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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|
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Tamaulipan matorral |
Mexico |
Nearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
|
|
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Tamaulipan mezquital |
Mexico, United States |
Nearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
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|
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Texas blackland prairies |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
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|
|
Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt pine-oak forests |
Mexico |
Neotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Coniferous Forests |
|
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|
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Wasatch and Uinta montane forests |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
Western Gulf Coastal grasslands |
Mexico, United States |
Nearctic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
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|
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Western short grasslands |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
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|
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Willamette Valley forests |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
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Wyoming Basin shrub steppe |
United States |
Nearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
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|
Name |
IUCN Category |
Area acres |
Location |
Species |
Website |
Climate |
Land Use |
Agate Fossil Beds National Monument |
V |
4731 |
Nebraska, United States |
|
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|
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Amistad National Recreation Area |
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Texas, United States |
|
|
|
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Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, CA |
III |
184543 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
Arches National Park |
II |
76539 |
Utah, United States |
|
|
|
|
Bandelier National Monument |
V |
8107 |
New Mexico, United States |
|
|
|
|
Big Bend Biosphere Reserve National Park |
II |
815561 |
Texas, United States |
|
|
|
|
Big Morongo Canyon Preserve Area of Critical Environmental Concern |
V |
3906 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area |
V |
36286 |
Montana, Wyoming, United States |
|
|
|
|
Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park |
II |
12551 |
Colorado, United States |
|
|
|
|
Bonanza Creek LTER Site Long Term Ecological Research |
|
|
Alaska, United States |
|
|
|
|
Bryce Canyon National Park |
II |
36348 |
Utah, United States |
|
|
|
|
Cabrillo National Monument |
V |
149 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
California Coast Ranges Biosphere Reserve |
|
153447 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
Canyonlands National Park |
II |
335430 |
Utah, United States |
|
|
|
|
Capital Reef National Park |
II |
243722 |
Utah, United States |
|
|
|
|
Capulin Volcano National Monument |
V |
796 |
New Mexico, United States |
|
|
|
|
Carlsbad Caverns National Park |
II |
15448 |
New Mexico, United States |
|
|
|
|
Casa Grande National Monument |
V |
468 |
Arizona, United States |
|
|
|
|
Cedar Breaks National Monument |
III |
6111 |
Utah, United States |
|
|
|
|
Central Plains Biosphere Reserve |
|
15345 |
United States |
|
|
|
|
Chaco Culture National Historical Park |
V |
34277 |
New Mexico, United States |
|
|
|
|
Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary |
|
|
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
Channel Islands National Park |
II |
139010 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
Chiricahua National Monument |
V |
1421 |
Arizona, United States |
|
|
|
|
Coachella Valley Preserve Nature Conservancy - Preserve |
Ia |
8106 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
Colorado National Monument |
III |
20420 |
Colorado, United States |
|
|
|
|
Coronado National Monument National Memorial |
III |
4360 |
Arizona, United States |
|
|
|
|
Crater Lake National Park |
II |
180091 |
Oregon, United States |
|
|
|
|
Creighton Ranch Preserve Nature Conservancy - Preserve |
Ia |
3275 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
Curecanti National Recreation Area |
V |
31032 |
Colorado, United States |
|
|
|
|
Death Valley National Park |
II |
762125 |
California, Nevada, United States |
|
|
|
|
Deer Flat National Wildlife Refuge |
Ia |
|
Idaho, United States |
|
|
|
|
Dinosaur National Monument |
III |
203307 |
Colorado, Utah, United States |
|
|
|
|
Dos Palmas Preserve |
|
|
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
El Malpais National Monument |
III |
109980 |
New Mexico, United States |
|
|
|
|
El Morro National Monument |
V |
960 |
New Mexico, United States |
|
|
|
|
Farallon National Wildlife Refuge |
IV |
352 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
Fort Bowie National Historic Site |
III |
1004 |
Arizona, United States |
|
|
|
|
Fort Davis National Historic Site |
|
|
Texas, United States |
|
|
|
|
Fort Union National Monument |
V |
722 |
New Mexico, United States |
|
|
|
|
Fossil Butte National Monument |
III |
8423 |
Wyoming, United States |
|
|
|
|
Glen Canyon National Recreation Area |
V |
1087901 |
Arizona, Utah, United States |
|
|
|
|
Grand Canyon National Park |
II |
1210128 |
Arizona, United States |
|
|
|
|
Grand Teton National Park |
II |
231724 |
Wyoming, United States |
|
|
|
|
Great Basin National Park |
II |
77367 |
Nevada, United States |
|
|
|
|
Guadalupe Mountains National Park |
II |
46114 |
Texas, United States |
|
|
|
|
Hovenweep National Monument |
V |
770 |
Colorado, Utah, United States |
|
|
|
|
Jornada Biosphere Reserve |
Ib |
30913 |
New Mexico, United States |
|
|
|
|
Joshua Tree National Park |
II |
305076 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
Kaweah Oaks Preserve Nature Conservancy - Preserve |
Ia |
319 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
Kern River Preserve Nature Conservancy - Preserve |
Ia |
834 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
Lake Meredith National Recreation Area |
V |
|
Texas, United States |
|
|
|
|
Lassen Volcanic National Park |
II |
29388 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
Latour Demonstration State Forest |
|
|
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
Lava Beds National Monument |
III |
20002 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
McCloud River Preserve Conservation Easement |
|
1693 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
Mesa Verde National Park |
II |
40098 |
Colorado, United States |
|
|
|
|
Mojave and Colorado Deserts Biosphere Reserve |
|
5901 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
Montezuma Castle National Monument |
V |
872 |
Arizona, United States |
|
|
|
|
Mountain Home Demonstration State Forest |
|
|
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
Natural Bridges National Monument |
III |
7412 |
Utah, United States |
|
|
|
|
Navajo National Monument |
V |
604 |
Arizona, United States |
|
|
|
|
Niagara Escarpment Biosphere Reserve |
|
470167 |
Ontario, Canada |
|
|
|
|
Oregon Caves National Monument |
V |
456 |
Oregon, United States |
|
|
|
|
Organ Pipe Cactus Biosphere Reserve |
|
327376 |
Arizona, United States |
|
|
|
|
Padre Island National Seashore |
II |
42068 |
Texas, United States |
|
|
|
|
Petrified Forest National Park |
II |
44522 |
Arizona, United States |
|
|
|
|
Philip L. Boyd Deep Canyon Desert Research Center |
|
6101 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
Pinnacles National Monument |
V |
2869 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
Pipe Spring National Monument |
V |
41 |
Arizona, United States |
|
|
|
|
Point Reyes National Seashore |
II |
27068 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
Redwood National Park |
II |
77867 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
Reserva de la Biosfera El Vizcaino Biosphere Reserve |
VI |
6176727 |
Mexico |
|
|
|
|
Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra Gorda Biosphere Reserve |
VI |
955579 |
Queretaro, Mexico |
|
|
|
|
Reserva de Mapimi Biosphere Reserve |
VI |
849819 |
Chihuahua, Mexico |
|
|
|
|
Rocky Mountain Biosphere Reserve |
II |
239938 |
Colorado, United States |
|
|
|
|
Saguaro National Park |
II |
11686 |
Arizona, United States |
|
|
|
|
Salinas Pueblo Missions National Monument |
V |
1081 |
New Mexico, United States |
|
|
|
|
San Dimas Biosphere Reserve |
|
17161 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
San Joaquin Biosphere Reserve |
|
4527 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
Santa Cruz Island Preserve Nature Conservancy - Preserve |
|
46021 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area |
V |
38440 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
Sequoia and Kings Canyon Biosphere Reserve |
II |
172261 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
Sevilleta LTER Site Long Term Ecological Research |
IV |
228335 |
New Mexico, United States |
|
|
|
|
Shortgrass Steppe LTER Site Long Term Ecological Research |
|
|
Colorado, United States |
|
|
|
|
Sunset Crater Volcano National Monument |
V |
3049 |
Arizona, United States |
|
|
|
|
Tonto National Monument |
V |
1123 |
Arizona, United States |
|
|
|
|
Walnut Canyon National Monument |
V |
3386 |
Arizona, United States |
|
|
|
|
Whiskey-Shasta-Trinity National Recreation Area |
V |
197791 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
White Sands National Monument |
III |
139922 |
New Mexico, United States |
|
|
|
|
Wupatki National Monument |
III |
36098 |
Arizona, United States |
|
|
|
|
Yellowstone Biosphere Reserve |
II |
2196863 |
Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, United States |
|
|
|
|
Yosemite National Park |
II |
95209 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
Zion National Park |
II |
135667 |
Utah, United States |
|
|
|
|
 Attributes / relations provided by ♦ 1Nathan P. Myhrvold, Elita Baldridge, Benjamin Chan, Dhileep Sivam, Daniel L. Freeman, and S. K. Morgan Ernest. 2015. An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles. Ecology 96:3109 ♦ 2Partners in Flight Avian Conservation Assessment Database, version 2017. Accessed on January 2018. ♦ 3de Magalhaes, J. P., and Costa, J. (2009) A database of vertebrate longevity records and their relation to other life-history traits. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22(8):1770-1774 ♦ 4Hamish Wilman, Jonathan Belmaker, Jennifer Simpson, Carolina de la Rosa, Marcelo M. Rivadeneira, and Walter Jetz. 2014. EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology 95:2027 ♦ 5Jetz W, Sekercioglu CH, Böhning-Gaese K (2008) The Worldwide Variation in Avian Clutch Size across Species and Space PLoS Biol 6(12): e303. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060303 ♦ 6LIFE HISTORY TRAITS OF OPEN- VS. CAVITY-NESTING BIRDS, Thomas E. Martin and Pingjun Li, Ecology, 73(2), 1992, pp. 579-592 ♦ 7Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. 2006. The Animal Diversity Web (online). Accessed February 01, 2010 at animaldiversity.org♦ 8Terje Lislevand, Jordi Figuerola, and Tamás Székely. 2007. Avian body sizes in relation to fecundity, mating system, display behavior, and resource sharing. Ecology 88:1605 ♦ 9Jorrit H. Poelen, James D. Simons and Chris J. Mungall. (2014). Global Biotic Interactions: An open infrastructure to share and analyze species-interaction datasets. Ecological Informatics. Ecoregions provided by World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF). WildFinder: Online database of species distributions, ver. 01.06 Wildfinder Database |
Species taxanomy provided by GBIF Secretariat (2022). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2023-06-13; License: CC BY 4.0
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