Kivach Zapovednik

Location:Karelia, Russia
IUCN Category:IV
Area:26,885 acres (10,880 hectares)
Species:All  Endangered  Invasive
Website:View website
Climate:View Climate Data
Land Use:View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:Dfc (Climate: snow; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: cool summer)

Ecoregions

Scandinavian and Russian taiga

Soils

Protected Area Boundary
 ABC
    
Soil TypeGelic HistosolsDystric PodzoluvisolsFerric Podzols
Topsoil TextureMediumMediumCoarse
Reference Depth100 cm100 cm100 cm
DrainageVery poorModerately wellSomewhat excessive
Available Water Capacity150 m150 m15 m
Phase 1Phreatic Gravelly
Root Obstacle60 - 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cm
Impermeable Layer40 - 80 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cm
Soil Water RegimeWet within 40 cm depth for over 11 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Misc. PropertyGelic (permafrost within 200 cm)  
Topsoil Properties
Gravel 1 %3 %
Sand18 %31 %86 %
Silt61 %54 %8 %
Clay21 %15 %6 %
USDA TextureSilt loamSilt loamLoamy sand
Reference Bulk Density1.36 g/cm³1.43 g/cm³1.67 g/cm³
Bulk Density0.26 g/cm³1.36 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³
Organic Carbon35.27 %1.59 %2.02 %
PH4.854.5
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity45 cmol kg⁻¹63 cmol kg⁻¹78 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity134 cmol kg⁻¹19 cmol kg⁻¹5 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation64 %55 %17 %
Total Exchangeable Bases45.4 cmol kg⁻¹5.7 cmol kg⁻¹2.5 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate0 %0 %0 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium0 %0 %0 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel 4 %3 %
Sand18 %24 %86 %
Silt61 %50 %6 %
Clay21 %26 %8 %
USDA TextureSilt loamSilt loamLoamy sand
Reference Bulk Density1.36 g/cm³1.34 g/cm³1.63 g/cm³
Bulk Density0.16 g/cm³1.61 g/cm³1.57 g/cm³
Organic Carbon39.16 %0.2 %0.51 %
PH5.25.35.1
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity49 cmol kg⁻¹67 cmol kg⁻¹50 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity79 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹2 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation59 %59 %21 %
Total Exchangeable Bases55.3 cmol kg⁻¹4.9 cmol kg⁻¹1.5 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate0 %0 %0 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium0 %0 %0 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263