World Species : Protected Area : Alpi Carniche

Alpi Carniche

Location:	Italy
Area:	48,186 acres (19,500 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Dfc (Climate: snow; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: cool summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Alps conifer and mixed forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A					B				C			D					E				F				G			H

Share	30 %	20 %	20 %	5 %	5 %	50 %	30 %	10 %	10 %	45 %	30 %	25 %	50 %	30 %	10 %	5 %	5 %	40 %	30 %	20 %	10 %	80 %	10 %	5 %	5 %	70 %	20 %	10 %	50 %	10 %
Soil Type	Lithic Leptosols	Lithic Leptosols	Lithic Leptosols	Umbric Leptosols	Rendzic Leptosols	Rendzic Leptosols	Lithic Leptosols	Eutric Cambisols	Eutric Cambisols	Eutric Cambisols	Haplic Luvisols	Rendzic Leptosols	Dystric Cambisols	Eutric Cambisols	Haplic Luvisols	Lithic Leptosols	Lithic Leptosols	Cambic Podzols	Haplic Podzols	Dystric Cambisols	Lithic Leptosols	Dystric Cambisols	Dystric Gleysols	Umbric Leptosols	Haplic Podzols	Rendzic Leptosols	Rendzic Leptosols	Vertic Cambisols	Lithic Leptosols	Rendzic Leptosols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Medium	Medium	Medium	Coarse	Medium	Medium	Fine	Medium	Medium
Reference Depth	10 cm	10 cm	10 cm	30 cm	30 cm	30 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	30 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	30 cm	100 cm	30 cm	30 cm	100 cm	10 cm	30 cm
Drainage	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Well	Well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Poor	Imperfectly	Somewhat excessive	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Imperfectly
Available Water Capacity	15 mm	15 mm	15 mm	15 mm	15 mm	50 mm	15 mm	50 m	50 m	50 m	50 m	50 mm	50 m	50 m	50 m	15 mm	15 mm	75 m	15 m	15 m	15 mm	150 m	150 m	15 mm	15 m	15 mm	15 mm	15 m	15 mm	15 mm
Phase 1	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony			Lithic	Lithic	Lithic	Lithic		Lithic	Lithic	Lithic			Lithic	Lithic	Lithic				Stony	Concretionary	Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly	Stony	Gravelly
Phase 2																								Gravelly
Root Obstacle								None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm		None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm			20 - 40 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm		60 - 80 cm	40 - 60 cm		40 - 60 cm			20 - 40 cm
Impermeable Layer								None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm		None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm			40 - 80 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm		None to 150 cm	40 - 80 cm		None to 150 cm			40 - 80 cm
Soil Water Regime								Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month			Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month			Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Misc. Property																												Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	21 %	21 %	21 %	6 %	16 %	16 %	21 %	9 %	9 %	9 %	4 %	16 %	10 %	9 %	4 %	21 %	21 %	3 %	3 %	10 %	21 %	10 %	2 %	6 %	3 %	16 %	16 %	2 %	21 %	16 %
Sand	42 %	42 %	42 %	49 %	37 %	37 %	42 %	42 %	42 %	42 %	41 %	37 %	42 %	42 %	41 %	42 %	42 %	85 %	87 %	75 %	73 %	42 %	40 %	49 %	87 %	37 %	37 %	20 %	42 %	37 %
Silt	34 %	34 %	34 %	31 %	44 %	44 %	34 %	36 %	36 %	36 %	37 %	44 %	38 %	36 %	37 %	34 %	34 %	10 %	9 %	15 %	18 %	38 %	39 %	31 %	9 %	44 %	44 %	29 %	34 %	44 %
Clay	24 %	24 %	24 %	20 %	19 %	19 %	24 %	22 %	22 %	22 %	22 %	19 %	20 %	22 %	22 %	24 %	24 %	5 %	4 %	10 %	9 %	20 %	21 %	20 %	4 %	19 %	19 %	51 %	24 %	19 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loamy sand	Loamy sand	Sandy loam	Sandy loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loamy sand	Loam	Loam	Clay	Loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.38 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³	1.58 g/cm³	1.59 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.3 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.1 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.49 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.1 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	1.61 %	1.61 %	1.61 %	2.4 %	2.13 %	2.13 %	1.61 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	0.74 %	2.13 %	1.45 %	1 %	0.74 %	1.61 %	1.61 %	2.02 %	2.18 %	0.7 %	1.4 %	1.45 %	1.17 %	2.4 %	2.18 %	2.13 %	2.13 %	0.96 %	1.61 %	2.13 %
PH	7.5	7.5	7.5	5.1	7.5	7.5	7.5	6.6	6.6	6.6	6.5	7.5	5.1	6.6	6.5	7.5	7.5	4.3	4.4	5.1	7.5	5.1	5.1	5.1	4.4	7.5	7.5	7.3	7.5	7.5
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	42 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	34 cmol kg⁻¹	80 cmol kg⁻¹	80 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	47 cmol kg⁻¹	80 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	47 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	78 cmol kg⁻¹	101 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	85 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	25 cmol kg⁻¹	34 cmol kg⁻¹	101 cmol kg⁻¹	80 cmol kg⁻¹	80 cmol kg⁻¹	54 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	80 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	36 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	100 %	100 %	100 %	36 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	93 %	93 %	93 %	91 %	100 %	38 %	93 %	91 %	100 %	100 %	17 %	11 %	28 %	86 %	38 %	47 %	36 %	11 %	100 %	100 %	94 %	100 %	100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	4.7 cmol kg⁻¹	28.8 cmol kg⁻¹	28.8 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	28.8 cmol kg⁻¹	4.3 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	2.5 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	1.5 cmol kg⁻¹	5.2 cmol kg⁻¹	4.3 cmol kg⁻¹	5.5 cmol kg⁻¹	4.7 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	28.8 cmol kg⁻¹	28.8 cmol kg⁻¹	27.4 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	28.8 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	3.9 %	3.9 %	3.9 %	0 %	6 %	6 %	3.9 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	6 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	3.9 %	3.9 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	6 %	6 %	0.3 %	3.9 %	6 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	3 %	3 %	3 %	4 %	2 %	2 %	3 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	3 %	3 %	0 %	1 %	5 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	4 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	3 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel								12 %	12 %	12 %	3 %		19 %	12 %	3 %			3 %	4 %	9 %		19 %	6 %		4 %			4 %
Sand								41 %	41 %	41 %	37 %		45 %	41 %	37 %			86 %	88 %	68 %		45 %	41 %		88 %			18 %
Silt								34 %	34 %	34 %	34 %		35 %	34 %	34 %			10 %	8 %	17 %		35 %	34 %		8 %			29 %
Clay								25 %	25 %	25 %	29 %		20 %	25 %	29 %			4 %	4 %	15 %		20 %	25 %		4 %			53 %
USDA Texture								Loam	Loam	Loam	Clay loam		Loam	Loam	Clay loam			Loamy sand	Sand	Sandy loam		Loam	Loam		Sand			Clay
Reference Bulk Density								1.38 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³		1.42 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³			1.73 g/cm³	1.74 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³		1.42 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³		1.74 g/cm³			1.22 g/cm³
Bulk Density								1.39 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³		1.36 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³			1.57 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³		1.36 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³		1.51 g/cm³			1.46 g/cm³
Organic Carbon								0.37 %	0.37 %	0.37 %	0.36 %		0.5 %	0.37 %	0.36 %			0.51 %	0.39 %	0.27 %		0.5 %	0.4 %		0.39 %			0.43 %
PH								7	7	7	6.7		5.2	7	6.7			4.8	5	5		5.2	5.3		5			7.7
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity								55 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹		35 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹			50 cmol kg⁻¹	66 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹		35 cmol kg⁻¹	29 cmol kg⁻¹		66 cmol kg⁻¹			61 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity								15 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹		9 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹			2 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹		9 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹		2 cmol kg⁻¹			35 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation								93 %	93 %	93 %	93 %		33 %	93 %	93 %			21 %	21 %	36 %		33 %	47 %		21 %			99 %
Total Exchangeable Bases								15.1 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹		2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹			1.5 cmol kg⁻¹	1.5 cmol kg⁻¹	1.4 cmol kg⁻¹		2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	6.1 cmol kg⁻¹		1.5 cmol kg⁻¹			34.3 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate								0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0 %		0 %	0.1 %	0 %			0 %	0 %	0 %		0 %	0 %		0 %			4 %
Calcium Sulphate								0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %		0 %	0 %	0 %			0 %	0 %	0 %		0 %	0 %		0 %			0 %
Exchangeable Sodium								2 %	2 %	2 %	1 %		2 %	2 %	1 %			0 %	3 %	5 %		2 %	1 %		3 %			2 %
Electrical Conductivity								0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1			0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1			0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263