World Species : Protected Area : Soomaa

Soomaa

Location:	Estonia
Area:	98,925 acres (40,034 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Dfb (Climate: snow; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Sarmatic mixed forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A	B				C	D		E		F

Share		70 %	20 %	5 %	5 %		80 %	20 %	60 %	40 %
Soil Type	Eutric Gleysols	Eutric Gleysols	Gleyic Podzols	Haplic Podzols	Gleyic Podzols	Eutric Gleysols	Haplic Podzols	Gleyic Podzols	Terric Histosols	Fibric Histosols	Fibric Histosols
Topsoil Texture	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Fine	Coarse	Coarse	Medium	Fine	Fine
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Poor	Poor	Poor	Somewhat excessive	Poor	Very poor	Somewhat excessive	Poor	Very poor	Very poor	Very poor
Available Water Capacity	75 m	75 m	15 m	15 m	15 m	150 m	100 m	15 m	150 m	150 m	150 m
Phase 1	Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly			Gravelly
Root Obstacle	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm
Impermeable Layer	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	10 %	10 %	2 %	3 %	2 %	1 %	3 %	2 %	28 %	1 %	1 %
Sand	78 %	78 %	86 %	87 %	86 %	17 %	87 %	86 %	35 %	20 %	20 %
Silt	13 %	13 %	10 %	9 %	10 %	32 %	9 %	10 %	33 %	40 %	40 %
Clay	9 %	9 %	4 %	4 %	4 %	51 %	4 %	4 %	32 %	40 %	40 %
USDA Texture	Sandy loam	Sandy loam	Loamy sand	Loamy sand	Loamy sand	Clay	Loamy sand	Loamy sand	Clay loam	Clay	Clay
Reference Bulk Density	1.6 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³	1.32 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.36 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.25 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	0.28 g/cm³	0.1 g/cm³	0.1 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.57 %	0.57 %	1.97 %	2.18 %	1.97 %	1.25 %	2.18 %	1.97 %	39.4 %	33.63 %	33.63 %
PH	6.3	6.3	4.4	4.4	4.4	5.8	4.4	4.4	5.6	4.3	4.3
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	48 cmol kg⁻¹	48 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	101 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	37 cmol kg⁻¹	101 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	6 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	25 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	87 cmol kg⁻¹	77 cmol kg⁻¹	77 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	74 %	74 %	18 %	11 %	18 %	78 %	11 %	18 %	75 %	62 %	62 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	4.7 cmol kg⁻¹	4.7 cmol kg⁻¹	3.6 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	3.6 cmol kg⁻¹	18.9 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	3.6 cmol kg⁻¹	59.5 cmol kg⁻¹	31.4 cmol kg⁻¹	31.4 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	20 %	20 %	3 %	4 %	3 %	1 %	4 %	3 %	5 %	2 %	2 %
Sand	64 %	64 %	85 %	88 %	85 %	19 %	88 %	85 %	52 %	47 %	47 %
Silt	13 %	13 %	10 %	8 %	10 %	29 %	8 %	10 %	23 %	26 %	26 %
Clay	23 %	23 %	5 %	4 %	5 %	52 %	4 %	5 %	25 %	27 %	27 %
USDA Texture	Sandy clay loam	Sandy clay loam	Loamy sand	Sand	Loamy sand	Clay	Sand	Loamy sand	Sandy clay loam	Sandy clay loam	Sandy clay loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.43 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.74 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.74 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.55 g/cm³	1.55 g/cm³	1.54 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.54 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.54 g/cm³	0.18 g/cm³	0.1 g/cm³	0.1 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.3 %	0.3 %	0.91 %	0.39 %	0.91 %	0.45 %	0.39 %	0.91 %	38.46 %	32.89 %	32.89 %
PH	6.4	6.4	4.9	5	4.9	6	5	4.9	5.8	4.6	4.6
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	38 cmol kg⁻¹	38 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹	66 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	66 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹	49 cmol kg⁻¹	71 cmol kg⁻¹	71 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	10 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	88 cmol kg⁻¹	78 cmol kg⁻¹	78 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	81 %	81 %	21 %	21 %	21 %	84 %	21 %	21 %	96 %	40 %	40 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	6.9 cmol kg⁻¹	6.9 cmol kg⁻¹	1.7 cmol kg⁻¹	1.5 cmol kg⁻¹	1.7 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	1.5 cmol kg⁻¹	1.7 cmol kg⁻¹	81.8 cmol kg⁻¹	27.4 cmol kg⁻¹	27.4 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	3 %	3 %	3 %	3 %	3 %	3 %	3 %	3 %	1 %	1 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263