World Species : Protected Area : Retezat National Park

Retezat National Park

Location:	Romania
IUCN Category:	II
Area:	94,183 acres (38,114 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Website:	View website
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Dfb (Climate: snow; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)

Ecoregions

Carpathian montane forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A			B		C			D				E			F

Share	65 %	20 %	15 %	50 %	25 %	60 %	25 %	15 %	50 %	20 %	15 %	15 %	45 %	30 %	25 %	50 %	15 %	15 %
Soil Type	Dystric Cambisols	Lithic Leptosols	Cambic Podzols	Rendzic Leptosols	Eutric Cambisols	Haplic Luvisols	Dystric Cambisols	Eutric Cambisols	Cambic Podzols	Haplic Podzols	Humic Cambisols	Lithic Leptosols	Haplic Podzols	Lithic Leptosols	Cambic Podzols	Umbric Leptosols	Lithic Leptosols	Haplic Podzols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Coarse	Medium	Fine	Fine	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Coarse	Medium	Coarse	Medium	Medium	Coarse	Medium
Reference Depth	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	30 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	30 cm	10 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Imperfectly
Available Water Capacity	15 m	0 mm	15 m	15 mm	15 m	100 m	50 m	150 m	15 m	15 m	15 m	0 mm	15 m	0 mm	15 m	15 mm	0 mm	15 m
Phase 1	Gravelly	Stony	Gravelly	Stony	Gravelly		Lithic		Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly	Stony	Gravelly	Stony	Gravelly	Stony	Stony	Gravelly
Phase 2	Lithic	Gravelly	Lithic		Lithic				Lithic	Lithic	Lithic	Gravelly	Lithic	Gravelly	Lithic		Gravelly	Lithic
Root Obstacle	60 - 80 cm		60 - 80 cm		60 - 80 cm	None to 80 cm	60 - 80 cm	None to 80 cm	60 - 80 cm	60 - 80 cm	60 - 80 cm		60 - 80 cm		60 - 80 cm			60 - 80 cm
Impermeable Layer	None to 150 cm		None to 150 cm		None to 150 cm	40 - 80 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm		None to 150 cm		None to 150 cm			None to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month			Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	10 %	21 %	15 %	20 %	10 %	4 %	10 %	9 %	15 %	15 %	8 %	21 %	15 %	21 %	15 %	6 %	21 %	15 %
Sand	42 %	73 %	48 %	19 %	23 %	41 %	42 %	42 %	48 %	50 %	41 %	73 %	50 %	73 %	48 %	49 %	73 %	50 %
Silt	38 %	18 %	40 %	37 %	29 %	37 %	38 %	36 %	40 %	40 %	36 %	18 %	40 %	18 %	40 %	31 %	18 %	40 %
Clay	20 %	9 %	12 %	44 %	48 %	22 %	20 %	22 %	12 %	10 %	23 %	9 %	10 %	9 %	12 %	20 %	9 %	10 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Sandy loam	Loam	Clay	Clay	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Sandy loam	Loam	Sandy loam	Loam	Loam	Sandy loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.41 g/cm³	1.59 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.25 g/cm³	1.25 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.59 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.59 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.59 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.3 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	0.96 g/cm³	1.32 g/cm³	1.28 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	0.96 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.1 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	0.96 g/cm³	1.1 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	1.45 %	1.4 %	3.15 %	2.1 %	1.17 %	0.74 %	1.45 %	1 %	3.15 %	5.27 %	2.72 %	1.4 %	5.27 %	1.4 %	3.15 %	2.4 %	1.4 %	5.27 %
PH	5.1	7.5	5	7.7	6.7	6.5	5.1	6.6	5	4.5	5.3	7.5	4.5	7.5	5	5.1	7.5	4.5
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	32 cmol kg⁻¹	85 cmol kg⁻¹	66 cmol kg⁻¹	51 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	47 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	66 cmol kg⁻¹	89 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	85 cmol kg⁻¹	89 cmol kg⁻¹	85 cmol kg⁻¹	66 cmol kg⁻¹	34 cmol kg⁻¹	85 cmol kg⁻¹	89 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	12 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	33 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	28 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	28 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	28 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	38 %	86 %	10 %	100 %	89 %	91 %	38 %	93 %	10 %	11 %	25 %	86 %	11 %	86 %	10 %	36 %	86 %	11 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	4.3 cmol kg⁻¹	5.2 cmol kg⁻¹	4.4 cmol kg⁻¹	34.5 cmol kg⁻¹	22.1 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	4.3 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	4.4 cmol kg⁻¹	5.6 cmol kg⁻¹	5.4 cmol kg⁻¹	5.2 cmol kg⁻¹	5.6 cmol kg⁻¹	5.2 cmol kg⁻¹	4.4 cmol kg⁻¹	4.7 cmol kg⁻¹	5.2 cmol kg⁻¹	5.6 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0 %	0 %	15 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %	1 %	0 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	0 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	0 %	4 %	1 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	19 %		17 %		24 %	3 %	19 %	12 %	17 %	15 %	6 %		15 %		17 %			15 %
Sand	45 %		55 %		26 %	37 %	45 %	41 %	55 %	55 %	44 %		55 %		55 %			55 %
Silt	35 %		33 %		29 %	34 %	35 %	34 %	33 %	35 %	32 %		35 %		33 %			35 %
Clay	20 %		12 %		45 %	29 %	20 %	25 %	12 %	10 %	24 %		10 %		12 %			10 %
USDA Texture	Loam		Sandy loam		Clay	Clay loam	Loam	Loam	Sandy loam	Sandy loam	Loam		Sandy loam		Sandy loam			Sandy loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.42 g/cm³		1.51 g/cm³		1.26 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.54 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³		1.54 g/cm³		1.51 g/cm³			1.54 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.36 g/cm³		1.29 g/cm³		1.35 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.29 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.16 g/cm³		1.44 g/cm³		1.29 g/cm³			1.44 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.5 %		1.13 %		0.58 %	0.36 %	0.5 %	0.37 %	1.13 %	0.81 %	1.07 %		0.81 %		1.13 %			0.81 %
PH	5.2		5.1		7	6.7	5.2	7	5.1	5	5.3		5		5.1			5
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	35 cmol kg⁻¹		65 cmol kg⁻¹		51 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	35 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	65 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	37 cmol kg⁻¹		55 cmol kg⁻¹		65 cmol kg⁻¹			55 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	9 cmol kg⁻¹		13 cmol kg⁻¹		25 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹		8 cmol kg⁻¹		13 cmol kg⁻¹			8 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	33 %		13 %		97 %	93 %	33 %	93 %	13 %	13 %	30 %		13 %		13 %			13 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹		0.8 cmol kg⁻¹		25.9 cmol kg⁻¹	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹	0.8 cmol kg⁻¹	0.8 cmol kg⁻¹	2.5 cmol kg⁻¹		0.8 cmol kg⁻¹		0.8 cmol kg⁻¹			0.8 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %		0 %		0.3 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %		0 %		0 %			0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %		0 %		0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %		0 %		0 %			0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %		0 %		1 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	0 %	0 %	2 %		0 %		0 %			0 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1			0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263