World Species : Protected Area : LEMMENJOEN KANSALLISPUISTO

LEMMENJOEN KANSALLISPUISTO

Location:	Finland
Area:	706,697 acres (285,990 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Dfc (Climate: snow; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: cool summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A			B				C			D				E				F

Share	50 %	25 %	25 %	50 %	20 %	20 %	10 %	40 %	40 %	20 %	50 %	20 %	20 %	10 %	40 %	30 %	20 %	10 %	70 %	10 %	10 %	10 %
Soil Type	Dystric Fluvisols	Gelic Histosols	Cambic Arenosols	Haplic Podzols	Dystric Regosols	Fibric Histosols	Gleyic Podzols	Haplic Podzols	Dystric Regosols	Lithic Leptosols	Haplic Podzols	Fibric Histosols	Dystric Regosols	Gleyic Podzols	Fibric Histosols	Haplic Podzols	Terric Histosols	Gleyic Podzols	Fibric Histosols	Haplic Podzols	Terric Histosols	Gleyic Podzols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Medium	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Fine	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Medium	Coarse	Fine	Medium	Coarse	Fine	Coarse	Medium	Coarse	Fine	Coarse	Medium	Coarse
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Poor	Very poor	Somewhat excessive	Somewhat excessive	Somewhat excessive	Very poor	Poor	Somewhat excessive	Well	Imperfectly	Somewhat excessive	Very poor	Moderately well	Poor	Very poor	Somewhat excessive	Very poor	Poor	Very poor	Somewhat excessive	Very poor	Poor
Available Water Capacity	150 m	150 m	15 m	50 m	50 m	150 m	15 m	50 m	15 m	15 mm	50 m	150 m	100 m	50 m	150 m	50 m	150 m	50 m	150 m	50 m	150 m	50 m
Phase 1			Gravelly	Stony	Stony		Stony	Stony	Lithic		Stony		Stony	Stony		Stony		Stony		Stony		Stony
Root Obstacle	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	40 - 60 cm	None to 80 cm	40 - 60 cm	None to 80 cm	20 - 40 cm		None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	40 - 60 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm
Impermeable Layer	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	40 - 80 cm	None to 150 cm	0 - 40 cm		None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Misc. Property		Gelic (permafrost within 200 cm)
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	4 %		2 %	3 %	19 %	1 %	2 %	3 %	19 %	21 %	3 %	1 %	19 %	2 %	1 %	3 %	28 %	2 %	1 %	3 %	28 %	2 %
Sand	47 %	18 %	89 %	87 %	78 %	20 %	86 %	87 %	78 %	42 %	87 %	20 %	42 %	86 %	20 %	87 %	35 %	86 %	20 %	87 %	35 %	86 %
Silt	33 %	61 %	6 %	9 %	13 %	40 %	10 %	9 %	13 %	34 %	9 %	40 %	37 %	10 %	40 %	9 %	33 %	10 %	40 %	9 %	33 %	10 %
Clay	20 %	21 %	5 %	4 %	9 %	40 %	4 %	4 %	9 %	24 %	4 %	40 %	21 %	4 %	40 %	4 %	32 %	4 %	40 %	4 %	32 %	4 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Silt loam	Sand	Loamy sand	Sandy loam	Clay	Loamy sand	Loamy sand	Sandy loam	Loam	Loamy sand	Clay	Loam	Loamy sand	Clay	Loamy sand	Clay loam	Loamy sand	Clay	Loamy sand	Clay loam	Loamy sand
Reference Bulk Density	1.42 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³	1.32 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³	1.32 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.33 g/cm³	0.26 g/cm³	1.57 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³	0.1 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	0.1 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	0.1 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	0.28 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	0.1 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	0.28 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	1.05 %	35.27 %	0.5 %	2.18 %	0.7 %	33.63 %	1.97 %	2.18 %	0.7 %	1.61 %	2.18 %	33.63 %	1.39 %	1.97 %	33.63 %	2.18 %	39.4 %	1.97 %	33.63 %	2.18 %	39.4 %	1.97 %
PH	4.8	4.8	6	4.4	5.6	4.3	4.4	4.4	5.6	7.5	4.4	4.3	5.1	4.4	4.3	4.4	5.6	4.4	4.3	4.4	5.6	4.4
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	21 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	101 cmol kg⁻¹	29 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	101 cmol kg⁻¹	29 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	101 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	101 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	101 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	7 cmol kg⁻¹	134 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	77 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	77 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	77 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	87 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	77 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	87 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	36 %	64 %	99 %	11 %	98 %	62 %	18 %	11 %	98 %	100 %	11 %	62 %	24 %	18 %	62 %	11 %	75 %	18 %	62 %	11 %	75 %	18 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	45.4 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	4.1 cmol kg⁻¹	31.4 cmol kg⁻¹	3.6 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	4.1 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	31.4 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	3.6 cmol kg⁻¹	31.4 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	59.5 cmol kg⁻¹	3.6 cmol kg⁻¹	31.4 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	59.5 cmol kg⁻¹	3.6 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	3.9 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %	0 %	2 %	1 %	3 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	3 %	3 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	8 %		1 %	4 %	14 %	2 %	3 %	4 %	14 %		4 %	2 %	26 %	3 %	2 %	4 %	5 %	3 %	2 %	4 %	5 %	3 %
Sand	51 %	18 %	89 %	88 %	77 %	47 %	85 %	88 %	77 %		88 %	47 %	46 %	85 %	47 %	88 %	52 %	85 %	47 %	88 %	52 %	85 %
Silt	29 %	61 %	6 %	8 %	13 %	26 %	10 %	8 %	13 %		8 %	26 %	34 %	10 %	26 %	8 %	23 %	10 %	26 %	8 %	23 %	10 %
Clay	20 %	21 %	5 %	4 %	10 %	27 %	5 %	4 %	10 %		4 %	27 %	20 %	5 %	27 %	4 %	25 %	5 %	27 %	4 %	25 %	5 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Silt loam	Sand	Sand	Sandy loam	Sandy clay loam	Loamy sand	Sand	Sandy loam		Sand	Sandy clay loam	Loam	Loamy sand	Sandy clay loam	Sand	Sandy clay loam	Loamy sand	Sandy clay loam	Sand	Sandy clay loam	Loamy sand
Reference Bulk Density	1.43 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.74 g/cm³	1.58 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.74 g/cm³	1.58 g/cm³		1.74 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.74 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.74 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.39 g/cm³	0.16 g/cm³	1.55 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	0.1 g/cm³	1.54 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³		1.51 g/cm³	0.1 g/cm³	1.48 g/cm³	1.54 g/cm³	0.1 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	0.18 g/cm³	1.54 g/cm³	0.1 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	0.18 g/cm³	1.54 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.41 %	39.16 %	0.3 %	0.39 %	0.31 %	32.89 %	0.91 %	0.39 %	0.31 %		0.39 %	32.89 %	0.6 %	0.91 %	32.89 %	0.39 %	38.46 %	0.91 %	32.89 %	0.39 %	38.46 %	0.91 %
PH	4.9	5.2	5.9	5	5.3	4.6	4.9	5	5.3		5	4.6	4.9	4.9	4.6	5	5.8	4.9	4.6	5	5.8	4.9
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	20 cmol kg⁻¹	49 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	66 cmol kg⁻¹	36 cmol kg⁻¹	71 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹	66 cmol kg⁻¹	36 cmol kg⁻¹		66 cmol kg⁻¹	71 cmol kg⁻¹	28 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹	71 cmol kg⁻¹	66 cmol kg⁻¹	49 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹	71 cmol kg⁻¹	66 cmol kg⁻¹	49 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	7 cmol kg⁻¹	79 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	4 cmol kg⁻¹	78 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	4 cmol kg⁻¹		2 cmol kg⁻¹	78 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	78 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	88 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	78 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	88 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	29 %	59 %	98 %	21 %	28 %	40 %	21 %	21 %	28 %		21 %	40 %	21 %	21 %	40 %	21 %	96 %	21 %	40 %	21 %	96 %	21 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	2 cmol kg⁻¹	55.3 cmol kg⁻¹	1.4 cmol kg⁻¹	1.5 cmol kg⁻¹	1 cmol kg⁻¹	27.4 cmol kg⁻¹	1.7 cmol kg⁻¹	1.5 cmol kg⁻¹	1 cmol kg⁻¹		1.5 cmol kg⁻¹	27.4 cmol kg⁻¹	1.8 cmol kg⁻¹	1.7 cmol kg⁻¹	27.4 cmol kg⁻¹	1.5 cmol kg⁻¹	81.8 cmol kg⁻¹	1.7 cmol kg⁻¹	27.4 cmol kg⁻¹	1.5 cmol kg⁻¹	81.8 cmol kg⁻¹	1.7 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %		0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %		0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %	0 %	3 %	3 %	3 %	1 %	3 %	3 %	3 %		3 %	1 %	1 %	3 %	1 %	3 %	1 %	3 %	1 %	3 %	1 %	3 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263